Trait–environment interactions affect plant establishment success during restoration

Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(3)

Published: Jan. 14, 2020

Abstract Establishment and persistence are central to community assembly determined by how traits interact with the environment determine performance (trait–environment interactions). Community studies have rarely considered such trait–environment interactions, however, which can lead incorrect inferences about affect assembly. We evaluated functional traits, environmental conditions, interactions structure plant establishment, as a measure of performance. Within 12 prairie restorations created sowing 70 species, we quantified conditions counted individuals each seeded species quantify first‐year establishment. Three structured Leaf nitrogen interacted herbivore pressure, low leaf established relatively better under higher herbivory than high nitrogen. Soil moisture root mass fraction (RMF), low‐RMF establishing soil higher‐RMF on wetter soils. Specific area (SLA) light availability, low‐SLA high‐SLA conditions. Our work illustrates be described correlating or This knowledge assist selection maximize restoration success.

Language: Английский

---

Prediction and uncertainty in restoration science

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(8)

Published: March 16, 2021

Restoration outcomes are notoriously unpredictable and this challenges the capacity to reliably meet goals. To harness ecological restoration's full potential, significant advances predictive must be made in restoration ecology. We outline a process for predicting outcomes, based on model of iterative forecasting. then describe six that impede capabilities and, each, an agenda overcoming challenge. Key include lack clear goals, insufficient knowledge why vary, difficulty quantifying known drivers variation prior initiation projects, uncertainty, need scale up local understanding guide large‐scale efforts, temporally variable conditions hinder long‐term forecast accuracy. Meeting these will require research resolve key outcomes; however, there is also critical begin forecasting efforts ecology immediately. Although early may limited practical utility, iterating between development evaluation data needs, minimize lead predictions practitioners can confidently embrace. In turn, robust help enhance cost‐effectiveness, policy decisions see out promise Decade Ecosystem Restoration.

Language: Английский

---

A recruitment niche framework for improving seed‐based restoration

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(7)

Published: July 12, 2023

As larger tracts of land experience degradation, seed‐based restoration (SBR) will be a primary tool to reestablish vegetation and ecosystem function. SBR has advanced in terms technical technological approaches, yet plant recruitment remains major barrier some systems, notably drylands. There is an unmet opportunity test science‐based approaches seed mix design application, based not only on diversity or local provenance, but the unique strategies species. We lay out framework that uses quantitative representation species' niches match them targeted goals (e.g. drought invasion resistance) methods precision tools technologies) SBR. first describe how quantify niche with seedling traits tied observed responses environmental factors. then show quantified can serve as foundation address three challenges: (1) designing forward‐looking mixes increase resilience future climate disturbance, (2) accounting for natural recovery planning, (3) applying seeding practices maximize success. Finally, we demonstrate these ideas existing data discuss key challenges adoption practice. While this are ecological theory, they require substantial testing refinement by scientists engaged efforts. If integrated into research agendas, believe it potential unify advance diverse elements ecology improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Plant Strategies

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Plants have evolved a remarkable array of adaptive solutions to the existential problem survival and reproduction in world where disturbances can be deadly, resources are scarce, competition is cutthroat. inherited phenotypic traits that increased their chance success, these indicators strategies for establishment survival. A plant strategy thought as “how species sustains population” (Westoby, 1998, p. 214) because all successful must positive demographic outcomes habitats which they adapted. This book aims articulate coherent framework studying unifies demography with functional ecology advance prediction ecology. Central this traits: heritable morphological, physiological, phenological attributes plants influence therefore drive fitness differences among species.

Language: Английский

---

Need to Seed? Ecological, Genetic, and Evolutionary Keys to Seed-Based Wetland Restoration

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

As we approach the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030), there is renewed focus on improving wetland restoration practices to reestablish habitat and climate mitigation functions services that wetlands provide. A first step in restoring these native vegetation structure composition through strategic seed-based approaches. These approaches should be driven by ecological, genetic, evolutionary principles, along with consideration for economics, logistics, other social constraints. Effective must consider chosen species, seed sourcing, dormancy break germination requirements, enhancement technologies, potential invaders, seeding densities, long-term monitoring. Choice species reflect historical plant communities future environmental conditions, support functional goals including invasion resistance, availability Furthermore, seeds sourced ensure ample genetic diversity multifunctionality capacity while also considering broad natural dispersal many species. The decision collect wild or purchase will impact choice diversity, which can have cascading effects goals. To seedling establishment, addressed breaking treatments potentially narrow requirements some require targeted sowing timing location align safe sites. Other enhancements such as priming coatings are poorly developed their establishment unknown. Because highly prone, invaders legacies addressed. Seeding densities strike a balance between outcompeting preserving valuable resources. Invader control monitoring key revegetation restoration. Here, review scientific advances improve outcomes, provide methods recommendations help achieve desired Gaps knowledge about currently exist, however, untested certainly increase risks efforts. efforts used better understand processes related seeds, bring us one closer needed human ecological communities.

Language: Английский

---

Leaf and root traits, but not relationships among traits, vary with ontogeny in seedlings

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 460(1-2), P. 247 - 261

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Long-term, large-scale experiment reveals the effects of seed limitation, climate, and anthropogenic disturbance on restoration of plant communities in a biodiversity hotspot

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(7)

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Ecological restoration is essential for maintaining biodiversity in the face of dynamic, global changes climate, human land use, and disturbance regimes. Effective requires understanding bottlenecks plant community recovery that exist today, while recognizing these may relate to complex histories environmental change. Such has been a challenge because few long-term, well-replicated experiments decipher demographic processes influencing numerous species against backdrop multiyear variation climate management. We address this through long-term geographically expansive experiment longleaf pine savannas, an imperiled ecosystem hotspot southeastern United States. Using 48 sites at three locations spanning 480 km, 8-y manipulated initial seed arrival 24 herbaceous presence competitors evaluate impacts variability management actions (e.g., prescribed burning) on establishment persistence. Adding seeds increased many species. Cool wet climatic conditions, low tree density, reduced litter depth also promoted establishment. Once established, most persisted duration experiment. Plant traits were predictive when tightly coupled process Our results illustrate how additions can restore diversity interannual affects dynamics communities across large region. The significant effects temperature precipitation inform future affect conservation via large-scale fundamental

Language: Английский

---

Interactions between leaf traits and environmental factors help explain the growth of evergreen and deciduous species in a subtropical forest

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 560, P. 121854 - 121854

Published: March 28, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Among‐population variation in drought responses is consistent across life stages but not between native and non‐native ranges

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 243(3), P. 922 - 935

Published: June 10, 2024

Understanding how widespread species adapt to variation in abiotic conditions across their ranges is fundamental ecology. Insight may come from studying among-population (APV) the common garden corresponds with environmental of source populations. However, there are no such studies comparing native vs non-native populations multiple life stages. We examined APV performance and functional traits 59 Conyza canadensis populations, response drought, large aridity gradients (North America) (Eurasia) three experiments. Our treatment (dry wet) was applied at recruitment, juvenile, adult found contrasting patterns drought responses between two ranges. In range, plant less reduced by xeric than mesic habitats, but relationship not apparent for These range-specific were consistent The weak adaptive indicate that they can become highly abundant even without complete local adaptation environments suggest long-established invaders still be evolving environment. findings explain lag times invasions raise concern about future expansions.

Language: Английский

---

Getting to the root of restoration: considering root traits for improved restoration outcomes under drought and competition

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1384 - 1395

Published: Oct. 9, 2020

A foundational goal of trait‐based ecology, including restoration, is to link specific traits community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. Despite a growing awareness the importance belowground for ecological processes, synthesis how root can inform restoration terrestrial plant communities lacking. We reviewed summarized existing literature focused on in relation performance measures (i.e. survival, establishment, productivity) contexts drought competition (including invasion). Root related resource acquisition (e.g. high length, deep roots) are frequently avoidance strategy based optimizing water uptake maintain function), whereas studies relating tolerance that allows plants withstand low hydration) remain limited. More have linked competitive effects influence has neighbors) than responses plant's ability resist neighbors). Because with acquisitive decrease resources detriment neighbors, associated rapid length) may be important understanding effects. Albeit more limited, research suggests conservation or stress tissue density, diameter) elucidate mechanisms responses. Re‐vegetation outcomes improved by considering traits, but only if clear links made between varied contexts.

Language: Английский

---