Allelopathy is pervasive in invasive plants

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 367 - 371

Published: Nov. 3, 2020

Abstract Invasive species utilize a wide array of trait strategies to establish in novel ecosystems. Among these traits is the capacity produce allelopathic compounds that can directly inhibit neighboring native plants or indirectly suppress via disruption beneficial belowground microbial mutualisms, altered soil resources. Despite well-known prevalence allelopathy among plant taxa, pervasiveness invasive unknown. Here we demonstrate majority 524 our database allelochemicals with potential negatively affect performance. Moreover, widespread across phylogeny, suggesting could have large impact on globe. Allelopathic impacts are often thought be present only few clades (e.g., Brassicaceae). Yet analysis shows 72% 113 families surveyed, this ubiquitous mechanism invasion deserves more attention as rates increase

Language: Английский

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Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates on Fungi: A Comprehensive Review on Direct Effects, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship Data and Possible Agricultural Applications

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 539 - 539

Published: July 6, 2021

Plants heavily rely on chemical defense systems against a variety of stressors. The glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae and some allies are core molecules one most researched such pathways. These natural products enzymatically converted into isothiocyanates (ITCs) occasionally other defensive volatile organic constituents (VOCs) upon fungal challenge or tissue disruption to protect host stressor. current review provides comprehensive insight effects fungi, including, but not limited mycorrhizal fungi pathogens Brassicaceae. In review, our knowledge following topics summarized: direct antifungal activity proposed mechanisms action, QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships), synergistic ITCs with agents, soil microbial composition allelopathic activity. A detailed possible applications is also provided: literature biofumigation studies, inhibition post-harvest pathogenesis protection various including grains fruits reviewed herein.

Language: Английский

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Tamm review: Forest understorey and overstorey interactions: So much more than just light interception by trees

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 526, P. 120584 - 120584

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the ecological threads: How invasive alien plants influence soil carbon dynamics

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 356, P. 120556 - 120556

Published: March 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effects of Solidago canadensis L. on mineralization-immobilization turnover enhance its nitrogen competitiveness and invasiveness

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 882, P. 163641 - 163641

Published: April 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses

Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 102(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Abstract The mechanisms causing invasive species impact are rarely empirically tested, limiting our ability to understand and predict subsequent changes in invaded plant communities. Invader disruption of native mutualistic interactions is a mechanism expected have negative effects on species. Specifically, plant‐fungal mutualisms may provide non‐mycorrhizal invaders an advantage over mycorrhizal plants. Invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) produces secondary chemicals toxic soil microorganisms including fungi, known induce physiological stress reduce population growth rates forest understory Here, we report 11‐yr manipulative field experiment replicated plots testing if the removal garlic mustard community support mutualism hypothesis within entire herbaceous community. We compare responses for two functional groups: vs. Our results show that weeding alters composition, decreases evenness, increases abundance herbs associate with fungi. Conversely, has no significant Consistent hypothesis, demonstrate allelochemical producing modify by disproportionately impacting also importance incorporating causal biological invasion elucidate patterns community‐level responses.

Language: Английский

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Invasion‐mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities

Ecography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(7)

Published: May 30, 2023

The impact of a biological invasion on native communities is expected to be uneven across invaded landscapes due differences in local abiotic conditions, invader abundance, and traits composition the community. One way improve predictive ability about an invasive species given variable conditions exploit known mechanisms driving species' success. Invasive plants frequently exhibit allelopathic traits, which can directly toxic or indirectly them via disruption root symbionts, including mycorrhizal fungi. indirect mechanism – mutualism predicted that rely mycorrhizas but not affect non‐mycorrhizal plant species. To assess whether invader‐driven explains observed changes communities, we analyzed long‐term (1998–2018) cover data from forest plots state Illinois. We evaluated experiencing range abundance garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata varying environmental conditions. Consistent with hypothesis, showed as increased over time 0.25 m 2 sampling quadrats, decreased, did not. Over space time, abundances diversity at quadrat level, this relationship was present larger scale when quadrats were aggregated within sites. Garlic mustard's community highly localized, yet it important variables for predicting diversity. key predictor patterns intensity heterogeneity consistent disruption. Our work indicates hypothesis provide generalizable predictions impacts are evident broad spatial scale.

Language: Английский

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Degradation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: A Mechanism Underlying Cynodon dactylon Invasion in Grasslands?

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Questions Degradation of facilitative interactions native species can play an important role in the establishment and expansion invasive plants communities. We evaluated relationship between level invasion Cynodon dactylon arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization Paspalum notatum Uruguayan grasslands, which were either extensively managed (natural vegetation [NG]) or oversown with exotic legumes fertilized phosphorus (NG + LP). Specifically, we investigated whether increasing levels associated reductions P. colonization, growth, nutrient content. Location grasslands Río de la Plata region. Methods Two paddocks 19 27 years under NG LP management selected contiguous to two management. In each paddock, collected nine monoliths (0.2 m diameter × 0.3 depth) that had percentages C. cover, classified as low (0%–10%), medium (30%–50%), high (70%–90%) levels. After 10 months uninterrupted shoot mass, nitrogen concentration, assessed plants. Results Mycorrhization decreased invasion. This was greater more intensively However, lower not aboveground growth concentration. Furthermore, at levels, similar LP, despite their contrasting soil P availability. Conclusions The presence mycorrhizae target grass negatively . Therefore, mutualism degradation might be a mechanism underlying success invading particularly those managed, albeit probably via nutritional effects.

Language: Английский

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Direct and indirect fitness effects of plant metabolites, and genetic constraints, limit evolution of allelopathy in an invading plant

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Abstract Invading species encounter novel communities of consumers, pathogens and competitors. Both phenotypic plasticity rapid evolution can facilitate invasion across these heterogenous communities. However, adaptive be constrained by the genetic architecture traits under selection. We measured quantified variation for growth, leaf chlorophyll a (Chl ), glucosinolate concentration lifetime fitness among 22 naturally inbred seed families Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) collected its invasive range in eastern North America. After growing self‐pollinated generation uniform common garden to reduce maternal effects, we reared second‐generation plants 2‐year greenhouse field experiment with soil from an uninvaded habitat. estimated selection gradients causal factors affecting A. when alone, intraspecific competitor, interspecific competition naïve Acer saccharum (sugar maple) saplings. defined Total Metabolite Production (TMP) as first principal component Chl Relative Glucosinolate Investment (RGI) second component. TMP accounted 84% two traits, significant environments ( p < 0.001), but non‐significant broad‐sense heritability H 2 = 2.91; 0.08). Path analysis revealed that plastic phenotypes higher had indirect positive effect on via direct, negative performance In contrast, RGI was significantly heritable 16.91, 0.001) no detectable treatments. Elevated genotypes fitness. Synthesis. A proposed model allelopathy‐mediated during is unlikely . due (i) low high production (ii) cost competition. Overall, find evidence allelopathy or response competition, despite costs suggests glucosinolates play other important ecological roles.

Language: Английский

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The importance of the plant mycorrhizal collaboration niche across scales

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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