Contrasting and altitude‐specific temporal trends in functional, phylogenetic, and species diversity in Austrian butterfly communities

Oikos, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Climate change and anthropogenic alteration of landscapes negatively impact the abundance species diversity plant animal communities worldwide. Much less is known about effects on phylogenetic community functioning. Here we use long‐term butterfly data (1980–2022) from Austrian Alps along an elevation gradient. We assessed how adjust structures functionality to increasing temperatures, these changes are linked trait expression Species decreased at low intermediate altitudes, increased high ones. Functional was lower than expected by a random model altitudes with time high, but not altitudes. Phylogenetic did show significant temporal trends altitude, Multifunctionality significantly correlated functional diversity, diversity. argue that ongoing homogenisation Alpine strongly affects species, The assessment richness alone, as provided common surveys, might give false impression state insect in course climate change. directions faunal heavily depend altitude therefore specific climatic conditions. Higher face decreasing multifunctionality despite due induced altitudinal up‐hill shifts many species. conclude studies series should include besides being focused endangerment. Red lists be extended categories importance distinctness.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity showed positive effects on resistance but mixed effects on resilience to climatic extremes in a long-term grassland experiment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 827, P. 154322 - 154322

Published: March 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Century-Long Homogenization of Algal Communities Is Accelerated by Nutrient Enrichment and Climate Warming in Lakes and Reservoirs of the North Temperate Zone

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(6), P. 3780 - 3790

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Anthropogenic pressures can threaten lake and reservoir ecosystems, leading to harmful algal blooms that have become globally widespread. However, patterns of phytoplankton diversity change community assembly over long-term scales remain unknown. Here, we explore biodiversity in eukaryotic (EA) cyanobacterial (CYA) communities a century by sequencing DNA preserved the sediment cores seven lakes reservoirs North Temperate Zone. Comparisons within revealed temporal homogenization mesotrophic lakes, eutrophic last but no systematic losses α-diversity. Temporal EA CYA continued into modern day probably due time-lags related historical legacies, even if go through eutrophication phase followed reoligotrophication phase. Further, was mediated both deterministic stochastic processes, while homogeneous selection played relatively important role recent decades intensified anthropogenic activities climate warming. Overall, these results expand our understanding global effects on succession exhibit different successional trajectories also providing baseline framework assess their potential responses future environmental change.

Language: Английский

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Nutrients and herbivores impact grassland stability across spatial scales through different pathways

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 2678 - 2688

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Nutrients and herbivores are well-known drivers of grassland diversity stability in local communities. However, whether they interact to impact the aboveground biomass these effects depend on spatial scales remain unknown. It is also unclear nutrients via different facets plant including species richness, evenness, changes community composition through time space. We used a replicated experiment adding excluding for 5 years 34 global grasslands explore questions. found that both nutrient addition herbivore exclusion alone reduced at larger scale (aggregated communities; gamma stability), but pathways. Nutrient primarily by increasing over time, which was mainly driven replacement. Herbivore decreasing asynchronous dynamics among communities (spatial asynchrony). Their interaction weakly increased asynchrony. Our findings indicate disentangling processes operating may improve conservation management aiming maintaining ability ecosystems reliably provide functions services humanity.

Language: Английский

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How to measure response diversity

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1150 - 1167

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract The insurance effect of biodiversity—that diversity stabilises aggregate ecosystem properties—is mechanistically underlain by inter‐ and intraspecific trait variation in organismal responses to the environment. This variation, termed response , is therefore a potentially critical determinant ecological stability. However, has yet be widely quantified, possibly due difficulties its measurement. Even when it been measured, approaches have varied. Here, we review methods for measuring from them distil methodological framework quantifying experimental and/or observational data, which can practically applied laboratory field settings across range taxa. Previous empirical studies on most commonly invoke traits as proxies aimed at capturing species' Our approach, based environment‐dependent any biotic or abiotic environmental variable, conceptually simple robust form response, including nonlinear responses. Given derivation data responses, this approach should more directly reflect than trait‐based dominant literature. By even subtle environment dependencies diversity, hope will motivate tests diversity–stability relationship new perspective, provide an mapping, monitoring conserving dimension biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Dominant species determine grazing effects on the stability of herbaceous community production at multiple scales in drylands

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(9), P. 1917 - 1928

Published: July 10, 2023

Abstract Sustainable provision of critical ecosystem services in drylands is reliant on their stability under anthropogenic disturbances. Livestock grazing and shrub encroachment are the primary drivers disturbance that impact biodiversity production dynamics. However, effects at multiple scales, particularly following transition from grass‐dominated to shrub‐encroached drylands, still largely unexplored. Here, we conducted comparable sheep‐grazing experiments two types (grass‐dominated vs. grasslands) Mongolia Plateau explore scales. We examined how affected temporal aboveground biomass herbaceous communities both grasslands, through potential mechanisms: insurance changes population‐level individual species. found an increase sheep intensity had significant negative by decreasing species asynchrony spatial but it no population stability, consequently leading reductions community grasslands. grazing‐increased cancelled out grazing‐decreased contributing Likely, because grazing‐induced relative abundance dominant were more noticeable grasslands than Moreover, was directly correlated increases not despite positive relationships between drylands. Synthesis applications . Our results indicate can decrease this effect attenuated with suggesting be altered Furthermore, grasses plays a crucial role stabilizing should considered promoting sustainable functioning

Language: Английский

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Stable or unstable? Landscape diversity and ecosystem stability across scales in the forest–grassland ecotone in northern China

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(12), P. 3889 - 3902

Published: April 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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More is not always better: peat moss mixtures slightly enhance peatland stability

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2014)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Terrestrial wetland ecosystems challenge biodiversity–ecosystem function theory, which generally links high species diversity to stable ecosystem functions. An open question in ecology is whether assemblages of co-occurring peat mosses contribute the stability peatland processes. We conducted a two-species ( Sphagnum cuspidatum , medium ) replacement series mesocosm experiment evaluate resistance, resilience, and recovery rates net CO 2 exchange (NEE) under mild deep water table drawdown. Our results show positive effect drawdown on NEE with no apparent role for moss mixture. study indicates that carbon uptake capacity by mixtures rather resilient drawdown, but seriously affected deeper drought conditions. Co-occurring seem enhance resilience (i.e. ability return pre-perturbation levels) only slightly. These findings suggest do marginally functions peatlands Above all, our highlight predicted severe droughts can gravely affect sink peatlands, small extenuating mixtures.

Language: Английский

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Dryness weakens the positive effects of plant and fungal β diversities on above‐ and belowground biomass

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(22), P. 6629 - 6639

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

Plant and microbial diversity are key to determine ecosystem functioning. Despite the well-known role of local-scale α in affecting vegetation biomass, effects community heterogeneity (β diversity) plants soil microbes on above- belowground biomass (AGB BGB) across contrasting environments still remain unclear. Here, we conducted a dryness-gradient transect survey over 3000 km grasslands Tibetan Plateau. We found that plant β was more dominant than maintaining higher levels AGB, while fungal driver enhancing BGB. However, these positive AGB BGB were strongly weakened by increasing climatic dryness, mainly because available phosphorus caused dryness reduced both diversities. Overall, new findings highlight critical sustaining grassland raising our awareness ecological risks large-scale biotic homogenization under future climate change.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing the structural diversity between forest patches—A concept and real‐world experiment to study biodiversity, multifunctionality and forest resilience across spatial scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1437 - 1450

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

Intensification of land use by humans has led to a homogenization landscapes and decreasing resilience ecosystems globally due loss biodiversity, including the majority forests. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research provided compelling evidence for positive effect biodiversity on ecosystem functions services at local (α-diversity) scale, but we largely lack empirical how between-patch β-diversity affects multifunctionality landscape scale (γ-diversity). Here, present novel concept experimental framework elucidating BEF patterns α-, β-, γ-scales in real forest management-relevant scale. We examine this using 22 temperate broadleaf production forests, dominated Fagus sylvatica. In 11 these manipulated structure between patches increasing variation canopy cover deadwood. hypothesized that an increase heterogeneity would enhance different trophic levels, as well β-functionality various functions. will develop new statistical studies extending across scales incorporating measures from taxonomic functional phylogenetic diversity Hill numbers. further expand number allowing decomposition γ-multifunctionality into α- β-components. Combining analytic with our data allow us test patch spatial levels help inform improve under climate change. Such integrative functionality, multiple aspects physical environmental go far beyond current widely applied approach forestry future forests through manipulation tree species composition.

Language: Английский

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