Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(3), P. 1057 - 1117

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Soil organisms drive major ecosystem functions by mineralising carbon and releasing nutrients during decomposition processes, which supports plant growth, aboveground biodiversity and, ultimately, human nutrition. ecologists often operate with functional groups to infer the effects of individual taxa on services. Simultaneous assessment roles multiple is possible using food-web reconstructions, but our knowledge feeding habits many insufficient based limited evidence. Over last two decades, molecular, biochemical isotopic tools have improved understanding various soil organisms, yet this still be synthesised into a common framework. Here, we provide comprehensive review consumers in soil, including protists, micro-, meso- macrofauna (invertebrates), soil-associated vertebrates. We integrated existing group classifications findings gained novel methods compiled an overarching classification across focusing key universal traits such as food resource preferences, body masses, microhabitat specialisation, protection hunting mechanisms. Our summary highlights strands evidence that commonly used ecology models are types resources. In cases, omnivory observed down species level taxonomic resolution, challenging realism traditional distinct resource-based energy channels. Novel methods, stable isotope, fatty acid DNA gut content analyses, revealed previously hidden facets trophic relationships consumers, assimilation, multichannel levels, niche differentiation importance alternative food/prey, well transfers compartments. Wider adoption development open interoperable platforms assemble morphological, ecological data will enable refinement expansion multifunctional soil. The serve reference for working changes biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, making research more accessible reproducible.

Language: Английский

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Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1691 - 1711

Published: April 7, 2022

ABSTRACT The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation organic matter, supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability support biodiversity both below above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence there is no comprehensive reproducible approach accounts for resource, size spatial structure in soil. Here I build on generic organisation principles use multifunctional classification protists, invertebrates vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ web across classes soil‐associated consumers. infer weighted trophic interactions among guilds using feeding preferences prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), distributions (niche overlaps), biomass‐dependent feeding. then reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, calculate energy fluxes assuming steady‐state energetic system. Based fluxes, propose number indicators, related stability, multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation transformation matter. illustrate this an example, comparing it traditional resource‐focused reconstruction. multichannel reconstruction can be used assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous by web, compare communities spanning beyond With further validation proposed functional could provide effective tool understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships This hopefully will inspire more researchers describe belowground–aboveground comprehensively. Such studies informative indicators including active agents biogeochemical models, only locally but also regional global scales.

Language: Английский

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Pesticide effects on soil fauna communities—A meta‐analysis

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(7), P. 1239 - 1253

Published: June 7, 2023

Abstract Soil invertebrate communities represent a significant fraction of global biodiversity and play crucial roles in ecosystems. A number human activities threaten soil communities, particular intensive agricultural practices such as pesticide use. However, there is currently no quantitative synthesis the impacts pesticides on fauna communities. Here, using meta‐analysis 54 studies 294 observations, we quantify effects abundance, biomass, richness diversity natural across wide range environmental contexts. We also identify scenarios with most detrimental by analysing different (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, broad‐spectrum substances multiple substances), application rates temporal extents (short‐ or long‐term), well response functional groups animals (body size categories, presence exoskeleton). Pesticides overall decreased abundance (Grand mean effect (Hedge's g ) = −0.30 +/− 0.16) had stronger than abundance. The involved substances, which significantly even at recommended rates. found evidence that dampen over time, short‐term long‐term exhibited similar sizes. Policy implications : Our study highlights use has non‐target biodiversity, eroding substantial part threatening ecosystem health. This provides supporting recent policies, European Green Deal, aim to reduce agriculture conserve biodiversity. revealed here are particularly concerning because realistic often combines several targeting pests diseases crop season. suggest future guidelines for registration, restrictions banning should rely data able fully capture consequences species conditions.

Language: Английский

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Agricultural intensification weakens the soil health index and stability of microbial networks

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 108118 - 108118

Published: Aug. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Disturbance intensity shapes the soil micro-food web compositions and energy fluxes during seven-year land use changes

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 109424 - 109424

Published: April 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Organic amendments increase the flow uniformity of energy across nematode food webs

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 108695 - 108695

Published: May 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tropical land use alters functional diversity of soil food webs and leads to monopolization of the detrital energy channel

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 30, 2022

Agricultural expansion is among the main threats to biodiversity and functions of tropical ecosystems. It has been shown that conversion rainforest into plantations erodes biodiversity, but further consequences for food-web structure energetics belowground communities remains little explored. We used a unique combination stable isotope analysis analyze in comprehensive way oil palm rubber on channeling energy through soil animal food webs Sumatra, Indonesia. Across groups studied, most taxa had lower litter-calibrated Δ 13 C values than rainforests, suggesting they switched freshly-fixed plant carbon ('fast' channeling) from detrital pathway ('slow' rainforests. These shifts led changes isotopic divergence, dispersion, evenness, uniqueness. However, earthworms as major detritivores stayed unchanged their trophic niche monopolized plantations, resulting similar energetic metrics across land-use systems. Functional diversity were associated with reduced amount litter, tree density, species richness providing guidelines how improve complexity webs. Our results highlight strong restructuring threatening functioning ecosystem stability long term.

Language: Английский

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A common framework for developing robust soil fauna classifications

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 426, P. 116073 - 116073

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Multiple dimensions of soil food-web research: History and prospects

European Journal of Soil Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. 103494 - 103494

Published: May 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Altered energy dynamics of multitrophic groups modify the patterns of soil CO2 emissions in planted forest

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 108953 - 108953

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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