Prospects of the Application of Garlic Extracts and Selenium and Silicon Compounds for Plant Protection against Herbivorous Pests: A Review

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 64 - 64

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Protection of plants against herbivorous pests is an important aspect that guarantees agricultural efficiency, i.e., food provision to populations. Environmental, water and foodstuff pollution by toxic pesticides, along with climate changes, highlight the necessity achieve intensive development ecologically safe methods herbivory control. This review discusses modern plant protection insect pests: biofortification selenium, treatment bulk nano-silicon, utilization garlic extracts. The peculiarities such defense are described in relation growth stimulation as well increasing yield nutritional value products. Direct methods, mechanical, hormonal, through secondary metabolites and/or mineral element accumulation, indirect via predator attraction discussed. Examples pest control during grain/seed storage emphasized. A comparison sodium selenate, silicon containing fertilizer (Siliplant) extract efficiency analyzed on Raphanus sativus var. lobo infested cruciferous gall midge Contarinia nasturtii, indicating quick annihilation a result foliar application or silicon-containing fertilizer, Siliplant.

Language: Английский

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Silicon and Epichloë‐endophyte defences in a model temperate grass diminish feeding efficiency and immunity of an insect folivore

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(12), P. 3177 - 3192

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract Plants deploy diverse anti‐herbivore defences which reduce feeding and performance of herbivores. Temperate grasses use silicon (Si) accumulation Epichloë ‐endophytes for physical chemical (i.e. endophytic‐alkaloids) defence against insect Recent studies suggest that increase Si in their host grass. It is unknown, however, how this affects Si‐deposition on the leaf surface, impacts herbivore efficiency immunity to potential infection/parasitism. To address knowledge gap, we grew tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) hydroponically with without Si, absence or presence novel AR584 ‐strain. We exposed plants Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) both situ (intact leaves) ex (excised trials determined effects endophyte efficiency, growth rates Endophytic supplied showed 110% 143% increases silica density concentrations, respectively, when herbivory, compared non‐endophytic were herbivore‐free. Despite endophyte‐mediated H. was only affected by supply; decreased 87% most indices at least 30%. supply also increased mandibular wear 16%, negatively correlated rates. Cellular humoral endophytes. Endophytic‐loline alkaloid concentrations unaffected whereas herbivory peramine 290%. our knowledge, first report ‐endophyte derived alkaloids compromising via reduced melanisation response. Using , study suggests deploying accumulation) acting multiple traits, including immunity, may be a successful strategy temperate grasses. This multi‐faceted particularly difficult herbivores overcome. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Siliceous and non‐nutritious: Nitrogen limitation increases anti‐herbivore silicon defences in a model grass

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(11), P. 3767 - 3778

Published: July 29, 2021

Abstract Silicon (Si) accumulation alleviates a diverse array of environmental stresses in many plants, including conferring physical resistance against insect herbivores. It has been hypothesised that grasses, particular, utilise ‘low metabolic cost’ Si for structural and defensive roles under nutrient limitation. While carbon (C) concentrations often negatively correlate with concentrations, the relationship between nitrogen (N) status is more variable. Moreover, impacts N limitation on constitutive defences (e.g. silica prickle cells) herbivores are unknown. We determined how affected deposition model grass Brachypodium distachyon changes these impacted herbivore Helicoverpa armigera growth rates. used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry conjunction mapping (XRM) to quantify structures leaves determine patterns. also supply jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, master regulator induced arthropod reduced shoot by over 40%, but increased root mass (+21%), leaf (+50%) density (+28%) flattened (+76%) cells. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy XRM established was being deposited structures, together hooked cells macro‐hairs. Herbivore relative rates (RGR) were than 115% lower Si‐supplied plants compared without correlated concentration cell density. RGR further positively concentrations. Increases JA following induction pathway at least doubled Synthesis . highly regulated availability, promoting both line resource availability hypothesis. These results indicate grasses use ‘low‐cost Si’ when resources limited suggest plant productivity may benefit from optimising conventional fertilisers fertilisation.

Language: Английский

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Role of silicon in legume‐insect interactions: Insights from a plant experiencing different levels of herbivory

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

Abstract Silicon (Si) supplementation can enhance symbiotic functions in some legumes (Fabaceae) with their nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia, such as root nodulation and nitrogen fixation. However, it is still poorly understood how Si influences legume–insect interactions. Here, we investigated a legume responds not only to but also herbivory treatment varying infestation levels two events. We conducted controlled climate chamber experiment by growing Medicago truncatula plants inoculated rhizobia. For half of the plants, soil was kept without (−Si), whereas other regularly supplemented (+Si). then infested caterpillars Spodoptera littoralis 0, 1 or 3 larvae larva single attack double attack, respectively. To understand plant responses combinations, examined 16 functional traits. Nodule number, nodule fresh mass leghaemoglobin concentrations were affected plants. increasing led decreases measured traits Foliar C N ratio increased decreased herbivory, indicating contrasting resource allocation. Herbivory did affect content foliar Si, which higher +Si than −Si reduced phenolics suggesting potential trade‐off between silicification phenolic production. trichome densities patterns less clear biomass Relative growth rates caterpillars, proxy for resistance, mainly due treatment, when fed on Using trait‐based approach, provide novel insights better response different conclude that predominantly exerts much stronger effects various traits, pointing necessity respond induced defence strategies. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between silicon and alkaloid defences in endophyte‐infected grasses and the consequences for a folivore

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 249 - 261

Published: Sept. 12, 2021

Abstract Grasses have developed a wide range of morphological and physiological mechanisms to resist herbivory. For instance, they accumulate silicon (Si) in tissue, as physical defence, associate symbiotically with foliar Epichloë ‐endophytes that provide chemical defence via antiherbivore alkaloids. Recent evidence showed some increase Si forage grasses; however, whether this impacts insect herbivores is unknown. Furthermore, while primarily it also affects production plant defensive secondary metabolites; supply might therefore affect ‐alkaloids, although remains untested. We grew endophyte‐free (Nil) ‐infected tall fescue perennial ryegrass factorial combination or without supplementation, the absence presence Helicoverpa armigera . ‐endophyte strains were AR584 for fescue, AR37, AR1 Wild‐type (WT) ryegrass. assessed how interaction herbivory affected mutualist‐derived alkaloid concentrations. Subsequently, their effects on H. relative growth rates (RGRs) evaluated. Endophytes generally increased concentrations Si‐supplied plants. In endophytes constitutive (herbivore‐free) induced (herbivore‐inoculated) by at least 25%; contrast, ryegrass, endophyte only levels. did not alkaloids produced AR1/WT endophytes; herbivory, decreased induction AR37 33%. reduced RGR 76%, regardless endophytic status, whereas, endophyte‐alkaloids played role reducing herbivore supply. Conversely, both (regardless supply) synergised. Novel interactions between Si‐ alkaloid‐based defences grasses observed. Overall, had greater effect folivore than grasses. Endophyte contributed more resistance fescue. demonstrate antagonistic highlight protective nature varies grass‐endophyte species tested. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Induction of silicon defences in wheat landraces is local, not systemic, and driven by mobilization of soluble silicon to damaged leaves

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(17), P. 5363 - 5373

Published: June 13, 2023

In response to herbivory, many grasses, including crops such as wheat, accumulate significant levels of silicon (Si) an antiherbivore defence. Damage-induced increases in Si can be localized damaged leaves or more systemic, but the mechanisms leading these differences distribution remain untested. Ten genetically diverse wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum) were used assess genotypic variation induction mechanical damage and how this was affected by exogenous supply. Total soluble measured undamaged well phloem test allocated different parts plant after damage. Localized, not defences occurred, pronounced when plants had supplemental Si. Damaged concentration their leaves, while decreased, that there no difference average plants. The increased due redirection Si, present phloem, from parts, potentially a cost-effective defence mechanism for than uptake.

Language: Английский

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Silicious trichomes as a trait that may slow down leaf decomposition by soil meso- and macrofauna

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 471(1-2), P. 289 - 299

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

Language: Английский

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Silica Amendment Enhances Resistance of Rice to Yellow Stem Borer Scirpophaga Incertulas (Walker) with no Detrimental Effect on Non-target Organism Eisenia fetida (Savigny)

Silicon, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(17), P. 11939 - 11949

Published: May 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Plant silicon defences reduce the performance of a chewing insect herbivore which benefits a contemporaneous sap‐feeding insect

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(6), P. 951 - 958

Published: July 22, 2022

Abstract Plant‐mediated interactions between phytophagous insects are ubiquitous. Silicon (Si) accumulation can defend plants against chewing insect herbivores, although sap‐feeders comparatively less affected. It remains unknown how Si impacts interspecific and sap‐feeding herbivores when sharing a host plant. We grew the model grass Brachypodium distachyon with (+Si) or without (−Si) assessed of supplementation on contemporaneous performance interguild ( Helicoverpa armigera ) Rhopalosiphum padi herbivore. further performed dual‐choice tests to assess preferences for +Si −Si prior attack. reduced relative growth rate (RGR) both separately contemporaneously fed caterpillars H. ). Conversely, aphid abundance was higher compared plants. Caterpillar RGR were negatively correlated shared Furthermore, decreased caterpillar benefitted colonisation, indicating plant‐mediated effects competition two insects. Attack by induced leaf accumulation, regardless presence. In tests, preferred aphid‐attacked plants, whereas aphids caterpillar‐attacked Our results provide first evidence herbivores. suggest that dissimilar different feeding guilds may promote asymmetry in potentially impacting distribution.

Language: Английский

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Elevated Atmospheric Co2 and Silicon Antagonistically Regulate Anti-Herbivore Phytohormone and Defence Gene Expression Levels in Wheat

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

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Language: Английский

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