Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(23), P. 8194 - 8244

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Unlike conventional recycling methods that focus on 'extraction', direct aims for 'repair', which necessitates selecting and designing a strategy based the failure mechanisms of spent lithium ion battery materials.

Language: Английский

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Toward Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Next-Generation Recycling Method

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(5), P. 2839 - 2887

Published: March 1, 2024

The popularity of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has led to the drastically increasing consumption lithium-ion batteries recently, raising concerns about disposal recycling spent batteries. However, rate worldwide at present is extremely low. Many factors limit promotion battery rate: outdated technology most critical one. Existing metallurgy-based methods rely on continuous decomposition extraction steps with high-temperature roasting/acid leaching processes many chemical reagents. These are tedious worse economic feasibility, products mostly alloys or salts, which can only be used as precursors. To simplify process improve benefits, novel in urgent demand, direct recycling/regeneration therefore proposed a next-generation method. Herein, comprehensive review origin, current status, prospect provided. We have systematically analyzed summarized their limitations, pointing out necessity developing methods. A detailed analysis for discussions advantages, obstacles conducted. Guidance future toward large-scale industrialization well green efficient systems also

Language: Английский

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Progress, challenges, and prospects of spent lithium-ion batteries recycling: A review

Journal of Energy Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89, P. 144 - 171

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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The application of deep eutectic solvents in lithium-ion battery recycling: A comprehensive review

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 106690 - 106690

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Progress, Key Issues, and Future Prospects for Li‐Ion Battery Recycling

Global Challenges, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(12)

Published: June 22, 2022

The overuse and exploitation of fossil fuels has triggered the energy crisis caused tremendous issues for society. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as one most important renewable storage technologies, have experienced booming progress, especially with drastic growth electric vehicles. To avoid massive mineral mining opening new mines, battery recycling to extract valuable species from spent LIBs is essential development energy. Therefore, needs be widely promoted/applied advanced technology low consumption, emission, green reagents highlighted. In this review, necessity first discussed several different aspects. Second, various technologies that are currently used, such pyrometallurgical hydrometallurgical methods, summarized evaluated. Then, based on challenges above authors look further forward some cutting-edge direct repair regeneration. addition, also discuss prospects selected strategies next-generation solid-state Li-metal batteries. Finally, overall conclusions future perspectives sustainability devices presented in last chapter.

Language: Английский

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From Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries to Low-Cost Li₄SiO₄ Sorbent for CO₂ Capture

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(9), P. 5734 - 5742

Published: April 18, 2022

The huge consumption of fossil fuels leads to excessive CO2 emissions, and its reduction has become an urgent worldwide concern. combination renewable energies with battery energy storage, carbon capture, utilization, storage are well acknowledged as two major paths in achieving neutrality. However, the former route faces discard problem a large amount lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due their limited lifespan, while it is costly obtain effective CO2-capturing materials put latter into implementation. Herein, for first time, we propose synthesize low-cost Li4SiO4 sorbents from spent LIBs, verify technical feasibility, evaluate adsorption/desorption performance. results show that synthesized cathode self-reduction by anode graphite LIBs superior capacity cyclic stability, which constant at around 0.19 g/g under 15 vol % after 80 cycles. Moreover, cost fabricating only 1/20-1/3 conventional methods. We think this work can not promote recycling but also greatly reduce preparing sorbents, thus could be great significance development adsorption.

Language: Английский

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Rejuvenating LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode directly from battery scraps

eScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 100091 - 100091

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

Battery recycling is indispensable for alleviating critical material shortages and enabling sustainable battery applications. However, current methods mostly focus on spent batteries, which not only require sophisticated disassembly extraction but also have unknown chemistries states of health, resulting in high costs extreme challenges to achieve regeneration. Here, we propose the direct effective regeneration air-degraded LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode directly from scraps generated during manufacturing. The NCM523 shows surface degradation a few nanometers deep accordingly can be regenerated without adding Li, achieving restored properties (170 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 92.7% retention after 1000 cycles) similar those fresh commercial materials. EverBatt analysis that scrap has profit $1.984 ​kg−1, ∼10 times higher than conventional recycling, making it practical economical rejuvenate slightly degraded electrode materials

Language: Английский

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Recycling Hazardous and Valuable Electrolyte in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Urgency, Progress, Challenge, and Viable Approach

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(13), P. 8718 - 8735

Published: June 20, 2023

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming a hot global issue due to the huge amount of scrap, hazardous, and valuable materials associated with end-of-life LIBs. The electrolyte, accounting for 10–15 wt % LIBs, most hazardous substance involved in recycling Meanwhile, components, especially Li-based salts, make economically beneficial. However, studies electrolyte still account only small fraction number LIB papers. On other hand, many more about have been published Chinese but are not well-known worldwide limitations language. To build bridge between Western academic achievements on treatments, this Review first illustrates urgency importance analyzes reason its neglect. Then, we introduce principles processes collection methods including mechanical processing, distillation freezing, solvent extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide. We also discuss separation regeneration an emphasis recovering lithium salts. advantages, disadvantages, challenges processes. Moreover, propose five viable approaches industrialized applications efficiently recycle electrolytes that combine different processing steps, ranging from heat mechanochemistry situ catalysis, discharging dioxide extraction. conclude discussion future directions recycling. This will contribute efficiently, environmentally friendly, economically.

Language: Английский

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Combined pyro-hydrometallurgical technology for recovering valuable metal elements from spent lithium-ion batteries: a review of recent developments

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 6561 - 6580

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

A combined pyro-metallurgical process with green chemistry principles for the recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Direct reuse of oxide scrap from retired lithium-ion batteries: advanced cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Rare Metals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(5), P. 1603 - 1613

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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