Expanded Target-Chemical Analysis Reveals Extensive Mixed-Organic-Contaminant Exposure in U.S. Streams

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 51(9), P. 4792 - 4802

Published: April 12, 2017

Surface water from 38 streams nationwide was assessed using 14 target-organic methods (719 compounds). Designed-bioactive anthropogenic contaminants (biocides, pharmaceuticals) comprised 57% of 406 organics detected at least once. The 10 most-frequently anthropogenic-organics included eight pesticides (desulfinylfipronil, AMPA, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, metolachlor, atrazine, CIAT, glyphosate) and two pharmaceuticals (caffeine, metformin) with detection frequencies ranging 66–84% all sites. Detected contaminant concentrations varied less than 1 ng L–1 to greater μg L–1, 77 278 having median 100 respectively. Cumulative detections ranged 4–161 compounds (median 70) 8.5–102 847 respectively, correlated significantly wastewater discharge, watershed development, toxic release inventory metrics. Log10 widely monitored HHCB, triclosan, carbamazepine explained 71–82% the variability in total number (linear regression; p-values: < 0.001–0.012), providing a statistical inference tool for unmonitored contaminants. Due multiple modes action, high bioactivity, biorecalcitrance, direct environment application (pesticides), designed-bioactive 41 per site cumulative concentrations) developed watersheds present aquatic health concerns, given their acknowledged potential sublethal effects sensitive species lifecycle stages low L–1.

Language: Английский

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Emerging wastewater contaminant metformin causes intersex and reduced fecundity in fish

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 135, P. 38 - 45

Published: April 18, 2015

The occurrence of intersex fish, where male reproductive tissues show evidence feminization, have been found in freshwater systems around the world, indicating potential for significant endocrine disruption across species ecosystem. Estrogens from birth control medications wastewater treatment plant effluent cited as likely cause, but research has shown that is not solely predictable based on hormone receptor interactions. Many other non-hormone pharmaceuticals are at concentrations orders magnitude higher than estrogens, yet there little data impacts these medications. widely prescribed anti-diabetic metformin among most abundant and structurally dissimilar hormones. However, we here exposing fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to a concentration causes development gonads males, reduced size treated reduction fecundity pairs. Our results demonstrate acts an disruptor environmentally relevant concentrations.

Language: Английский

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Temporal and spatial variation in pharmaceutical concentrations in an urban river system

Water Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 72 - 85

Published: March 3, 2018

Language: Английский

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Metformin: A Review of Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Utility Beyond Diabetes

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 1907 - 1932

Published: June 1, 2023

Metformin has been designated as one of the most crucial first-line therapeutic agents in management type 2 diabetes mellitus. Primarily being an antihyperglycemic agent, metformin also a plethora pleiotropic effects on various systems and processes. It acts majorly by activating AMPK (Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase) cells reducing glucose output from liver. decreases advanced glycation end products reactive oxygen species production endothelium apart regulating lipid metabolism cardiomyocytes, hence minimizing cardiovascular risks. Its anticancer, antiproliferative apoptosis-inducing malignant might prove instrumental malignancy organs like breast, kidney, brain, ovary, lung, endometrium. Preclinical studies have shown some evidence metformin's neuroprotective role Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's multiple sclerosis Huntington's disease. exerts its through varied pathways intracellular signalling exact mechanism majority them remains yet to be clearly defined. This article extensively reviewed benefits details for molecule boon conditions diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, polycystic ovarian metabolic derangement HIV, cancers aging.

Language: Английский

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Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the unionid mussel Lasmigona costata in a river receiving wastewater effluent

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 486 - 496

Published: Dec. 30, 2015

Language: Английский

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Landfill leachate as a mirror of today's disposable society: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in final leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 906 - 918

Published: Nov. 12, 2015

Final leachates (leachate after storage or treatment processes) from 22 landfills in 12 states were analyzed for 190 pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which detected every sample, with the number CECs ranging 1 to 58 (median = 22). In total, 101 different leachate samples, including 43 prescription pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, 15 household nonprescription 5 steroid hormones, 4 animal/plant sterols. The most frequently lidocaine (91%, local anesthetic), cotinine (86%, nicotine degradate), carisoprodol (82%, muscle relaxant), bisphenol A (77%, component plastics thermal paper), carbamazepine anticonvulsant), N,N-diethyltoluamide (68%, insect repellent). Concentrations spanned 7 orders magnitude, 2.0 ng/L (estrone) 17,200,000 (bisphenol A). chemicals greatest (∼1000-1,000,000 ng/L), followed by plant/animal sterols (∼1000-100,000 (∼100-10,000 (∼10-10,000 hormones (∼10-100 ng/L). CEC concentrations active significantly greater than those closed, unlined (p 0.05). < 0.01) untreated compared treated leachate. disposed wastewater plants modern lined released groundwater 0.04). 0.06) fresh before treatment) reported a previous study final sampled present study.

Language: Английский

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Modular Advanced Oxidation Process Enabled by Cathodic Hydrogen Peroxide Production

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 49(12), P. 7391 - 7399

Published: June 3, 2015

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is frequently used in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light to treat trace organic contaminants advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In small-scale applications, such as wellhead and point-of-entry water treatment systems, the need maintain a stock solution of concentrated H2O2 increases operational cost complicates operation AOPs. To avoid for replenishing H2O2, gas diffusion electrode was generate low concentrations directly prior its exposure UV light. Following AOP, passed through an anodic chamber lower pH remove residual H2O2. The effectiveness technology evaluated using suite that spanned range reactivity hydroxyl radical (HO•) three different types source waters (i.e., simulated groundwater, surface water, municipal wastewater effluent) well sodium chloride solution. Irrespective system produced enough up 120 L d–1. extent transformation affected by current density HO• scavengers water. electrical energy per order (EEO) ranged from 1 3 kWh m–3, lamp accounting most consumption. exhibited high efficiency production over extended periods did not show diminution performance any matrices.

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products: A critical review of the impacts on fish reproduction

Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 469 - 491

Published: May 6, 2015

Research in environmental toxicology involving pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has increased greatly over the last 10–15 years. Much research been focused on endocrine-disrupting potential of PPCPs, as they relate to negative population impacts aquatic organisms. This review assesses current data reported effects PPCPs fish reproduction with an emphasis fecundity, a predictor effects. Studies both individual PPCP mixtures are presented. As majority studies reviewed demonstrate we these findings detected surface water concentrations compounds. Very few have conducted; however, need for types is warranted most likely exposed wild. In addition, laboratory field assessments wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, major source reviewed. provided from variable do not generally reproduction, or unable directly associate observed WWTP effluents. Finally, future considerations outlined provide avenue into understanding how wild populations affected by PPCPs. These aimed at determining adaptation multiple generations. global use continually rises, discern chronic exposure increased.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of full-scale biological nutrient removal systems upgraded with physico-chemical processes for the removal of emerging pollutants present in wastewaters from Mexico

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 571, P. 1172 - 1182

Published: July 26, 2016

Language: Английский

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Toxicological and ecotoxicological risk‐based prioritization of pharmaceuticals in the natural environment

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 35(6), P. 1550 - 1559

Published: Jan. 22, 2016

Abstract Approximately 1500 active pharmaceutical ingredients are currently in use; however, the environmental occurrence and impacts of only a small proportion these have been investigated. Recognizing that it would be impractical to monitor assess all pharmaceuticals use, several previous studies proposed use prioritization approaches identify substances most concern so resources can focused on these. All suffer from limitations. In present study, authors draw experience exercises holistic approach for prioritizing environment terms risks aquatic soil organisms, avian mammalian wildlife, humans. The considers both apical ecotoxicological endpoints as well potential nonapical effects related therapeutic mode action. Application is illustrated 146 used either community or hospital settings United Kingdom. Using approach, 16 compounds were identified priority. These include belonging antibiotic, antidepressant, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesity, estrogen classes associated metabolites. future, should applied more broadly around different regions world. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1550–1559. © 2016 SETAC

Language: Английский

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