Next generation per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: Status and trends, aquatic toxicity, and risk assessment

Eco-Environment & Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 117 - 131

Published: June 1, 2022

Widespread application of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has resulted in some being ubiquitous environmental matrices. That their resistance to degradation have allowed them accumulate wildlife humans with potential for toxic effects. While specific concern been phased-out or banned, other PFAS that are emerging as alternative still produced released into the environment. This review focuses on describing three emerging, replacement PFAS: perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulphonate (PFECHS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA). By summarizing physicochemical properties, fate transport, potencies comparison compounds, this offers insight viabilities these chemicals substances. Using chemical scoring ranking assessment model, relative hazards, uncertainties, data gaps each were quantified related perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) based uncertainty scores. The ranked PFOS > Cl-PFAES PFOA HFPO-DA PFECHS according toxicity need future research. Since uses remain uncertain face governmental regulations production bans, will continue emerge world market environment, raising concerns about general lack information mechanisms potencies.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(8), P. 3062 - 3074

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

This study investigates human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via drinking water evaluates health risks. An analytical method for 56 target PFAS, including ultrashort-chain (C2–C3) branched isomers, was developed. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.009 0.1 ng/L, except trifluoroacetic-acid perfluoropropanoic-acid with higher LODs 35 0.24 respectively. applied raw produced 18 Dutch locations, groundwater or surface as source, various treatment processes. Ultrashort-chain (300 1100 ng/L) followed by the group perfluoroalkyl-carboxylic-acids (PFCA, ≥C4) (0.4 95.1 were dominant. PFCA perfluoroalkyl-sulfonic-acid (≥C4), precursors, showed significantly levels in water. However, no significant difference found ultrashort indicating need protection. Negative removal PFAS occasionally observed advanced indicates desorption and/or degradation precursors. proportion isomers compared industrial production. Drinking water, a few exceed non-binding provisional guideline values proposed; however, all waters met recent soon-to-be binding drinking-water-directive requirements.

Language: Английский

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Porous Materials for Water Purification

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62(11)

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

Abstract Water pollution is a growing threat to humanity due the pervasiveness of contaminants in water bodies. Significant efforts have been made separate these hazardous components purify polluted through various methods. However, conventional remediation methods suffer from limitations such as low uptake capacity or selectivity, and current quality standards cannot be met. Recently, advanced porous materials (APMs) shown promise improved segregation compared traditional selectivity. These feature merits high surface area versatile functionality, rendering them ideal platforms for design novel adsorbents. This Review summarizes development employment APMs variety treatments accompanied by assessments task‐specific adsorption performance. Finally, we discuss our perspectives on future opportunities purification.

Language: Английский

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Underestimated burden of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in global surface waters and groundwaters

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 340 - 346

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of fluorinated chemicals used widely in consumer industrial products. Their human toxicity ecosystem impacts have received extensive public, scientific regulatory attention. Regulatory PFAS guidance is rapidly evolving, with the inclusion wider range included advisories continued decrease what deemed safe concentrations. In this study we collated concentration data for over 45,000 surface groundwater samples from around world to assess global extent contamination their potential future environmental burden. Here show that substantial fraction sampled waters exceeds drinking water values, exceedance depending on jurisdiction source. Additionally, current monitoring practices probably underestimate environment given limited suite typically quantified but concern. An improved understanding embodied products required burden develop mitigation measures. While focus study, it also highlights society’s need better understand use, fate anthropogenic chemicals.

Language: Английский

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A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior

Frontiers in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: April 11, 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of structurally diverse synthetic organic chemicals that chemically stable, resistant to degradation, persistent in terrestrial aquatic environments. Widespread use PFAS industrial processing manufacturing over the last 70 years has led global contamination built natural The brain is lipid rich highly vascularized organ composed long-lived neurons glial cells especially vulnerable impacts lipophilic toxicants. Generally, partition protein-rich tissues body, primarily liver blood, but also detected brains humans, wildlife, laboratory animals. Here we review factors impacting absorption, distribution, accumulation brain, currently available evidence for neurotoxic defined by disruption neurochemical, neurophysiological, behavioral endpoints. Emphasis placed on potential exposures during critical periods development sensitive populations, may exacerbate neurotoxicity PFAS. While limitations inconsistencies across studies exist, body suggests neurobehavioral long-chain more pronounced than resulting from exposure adulthood. There paucity experimental evaluating molecular mechanisms short-chain PFAS, even greater data gaps analysis outside perfluoroalkyl acids. Whereas most were focused acute subchronic high dose single congener, realistic humans wildlife mixtures relatively chronic low nature. Our evaluation human epidemiological, experimental, indicates heightened acids after environmental exposure, comparison studies. These findings highlight need additional neurodevelopmental environmentally relevant concentrations complex

Language: Английский

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