Human‐modified landscapes driving the global primate extinction crisis

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(20), P. 5775 - 5787

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

The world's primates have been severely impacted in diverse and profound ways by anthropogenic pressures. Here, we evaluate the impact of various infrastructures human-modified landscapes on spatial patterns primate species richness, at both global regional scales. We overlaid International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN) range maps 520 applied a 100 km2 grid. used structural equation modeling simultaneous autoregressive models to direct indirect effects six human-altered variables (i.e., human footprint [HFP], croplands [CROP], road density [ROAD], pasture lands [PAST], protected areas [PAs], Indigenous Peoples' [IPLs]) threatened non-threatened species, as well with decreasing non-decreasing populations. Two-thirds all are classified Critically Endangered, Vulnerable), ~86% experiencing population declines, ~84% domestic or international trade. found that expansion PAST, HFP, CROP, infrastructure had most negative richness. In contrast, forested habitat within IPLs PAs was positively associated safeguarding diversity globally, an even stronger effect level. Our results show play critical role conservation, helping prevent their extinction; HFP growth has dramatically worldwide. findings support predictions continued pressures natural habitats may lead significant decline likely, extirpations. advocate national policy frameworks promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods reducing persistent help mitigate extinction risk species.

Language: Английский

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Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(42)

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness which taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality pervasive among apes and African Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it largely absent of Americas (platyrrhines), as well galagos, lemurs, lorises (strepsirrhines), mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers species-specific factors suggested to set conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality terrestriality, current environmental may provide analogous scenarios those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly diurnal primate genera Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, determine whether (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, species richness, human population density, distance roads) traits (body mass, group size, degree frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months 47 at 20 sites 48 Americas. Multiple were associated ground use these otherwise arboreal species, including decrease dietary away frugivory, larger size. These explain intraspecific differences As humanity modifies habitats causes climate change, our results suggest already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, exhibiting more generalized diets, likely toward greater use.

Language: Английский

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Impact of forest fragmentation and associated edge effects on the population density of four nocturnal lemur species in North West Madagascar

Animal Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 522 - 537

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Abstract The clearing and fragmentation of tropical forests is the single biggest threat to primate populations who depend on this habitat for survival. In contrast primates that live in continuous, undisturbed forests, communities fragmented need adapt decreased food availability increased inter‐ intraspecific competition typical these degraded anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Some species are highly sensitive fragmentation, whilst other can even thrive forests. Here, we assessed how forest associated edge effects impact population density four nocturnal lemur Sahamalaza‐Iles Radama National Park, North West Madagascar. We conducted 118 transect walks over a 3‐year period covering total distance 107 km collect encounter rate ( N /km) /Ha) data each species, which then compared between core areas continuous forest. Our results were species‐specific, with densities two Lepilemur sahamalaza Microcebus sambiranensis ) increasing habitat, observed opposite Cheirogaleus medius . Mirza zaza appeared consistent both areas. also found evidence species‐specific relationships fragment size, area shape; however, further work needed support findings. This study demonstrates some lemurs habitats within less capable doing so.

Language: Английский

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Estado poblacional del mono tití panameño (saguinus geoffroyi) en la reserva natural Cerro Ancón, Panamá

Tecnociencia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 26 - 38

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

En Panamá, las poblaciones del mono tití panameño (Saguinus geoffroyi) se encuentran Casi Amenazadas y a partir 2015 prevé una reducción poblacional 25%. Los estudios de ecología son claves para evaluar la resiliencia este primate través tiempo. Tuvimos como objetivo estimar estructura grupal densidad S. geoffroyi en Reserva Natural Cerro Ancón (RNCA). Establecimos un transecto franja (1.75 km largo 40 m ancho) lo recorrimos dos días semana, periodos día (07:00 12:00 h 13:00 18:00 h) desde agosto 2019 marzo 2020. Logramos contabilizar 54 individuos repartidos nueve grupos, con promedio 6 ± 0.7 DE (rango 5 7) individuos/grupo, relación macho:hembra 1:0.9, juveniles:hembra 1.2:0.9 e infante:hembra 0.2:0.9. La calculada fue 4.5 individuos/km2. datos similares los reportados anteriormente, mostrando unaresiliencia grupos. RNCA es zona refugio grupos geoffroyi, ofreciéndoles importantes fuentes alimentación. Recomendamos mantener conexiones boscosas entre zonas aledañas reserva, esta forma evitar hacinamiento

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Monitoring the population and distribution of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in the Klias Peninsula, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia: insights from an 18-year study

Primates, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Integrating culture into primate conservation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1925)

Published: May 1, 2025

Primates exhibit the richest cultural repertoire among animal taxa, spanning foraging, communication, sociality and tool use. Understanding behaviours of primates has strongly influenced study behaviour challenged traditional views that culture is exclusive to humans. With nearly 60% primate species endangered owing human-driven habitat changes, recent calls have emerged integrate diversity into conservation strategies. However, integration requires careful planning avoid misallocation resources or skewed priorities. Our review reveals studies on are limited less than 3% extant species, largely taxonomic methodological biases favouring long-term observations in protected habitats. We propose including policies can broaden scope research, fostering more inclusive agendas address taxa with diverse habitats underexplored traits. Furthermore, anthropogenic changes both erode foster behaviours, emphasizing need for context-specific suggest recognizing traits frameworks may enhance resilience populations changing environments. This approach promises a comprehensive equitable allocation efforts, preserving biological primates.This article part theme issue 'Animal culture: world'.

Language: Английский

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30 years brings changes to the arthropod community of Kibale National Park, Uganda

Biotropica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 529 - 539

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract World‐wide declines in arthropod abundance and diversity are a major concern, particularly given their importance ecosystem functioning. Yet, data documenting long‐term trends rare from the tropics, Afrotropics. Here we evaluate changes communities Kibale National Park, Uganda across almost four decades. Systematic sweep‐net sampling was conducted two forested sections of park that had been logged one old‐growth forest area over 12 consecutive months 1983/1984 2020/2021. This augmented with intermittent samples taken 1986 1995. Arthropod declined all areas, but only significantly so moderately forestry compartment (41%). Permutational multivariate analysis variance indicated community compositions arthropods differed between censuses. Understanding drivers is difficult as system complex dynamic. We document an increase temperature, no change rainfall, increases 11 mammal species, including marked elephant numbers, structure. also report on landscape outside park, which includes human population increasing by factor agricultural intensification now use pesticides. many components studied changed simultaneously, signals for effective conservation planning, more multi‐disciplinary efforts needed.

Language: Английский

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Preliminary Field‐Based Assessment of Disease Symptoms and Physical Wounds in Endangered Shennongjia Golden Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellanahubeiensis) Colonies: Implications for Conservation

Journal of Medical Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 54(2)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Globally, approximately 60% of primate taxa are in danger extinction and the population 75% species declining their natural habitats. The Endangered R. roxellana hubeiensis monkeys Shennongjia National Park face threats due to limited genetic diversity restricted habitat. Method Our study aimed assess health these through focal animal sampling observations 90 individuals from June 2023 July 2024. Additionally, we compared prevalence concerns on days with without snow. We identified issues 32 (46%), including wounds, signs suggesting disease, deaths. Results Nine lactating females one juvenile infant had eye injuries. noticed three male exhibiting symptoms diseases. observed that adult showed respiratory while exhibited skin disease. found indicated disease seven different ages, adults, juveniles infants, died injuries, diseases unknown causes. Respiratory were more common snowy than non‐snowy days. physical injuries also prevalent Conclusions In general, our investigated status golden snub‐nosed death. highlighted monkeys, which can help guide conservation efforts ensure survival

Language: Английский

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A History of Primatology in Canada and an Introduction to the Special Issue

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Primatological research by anthropologists and evolutionary biologists based in Canada has expanded greatly since its inception ca. 60 years ago. The foci of the founding primatologists were on study social behaviors to understand human behavior. While Canadian have remained interested how our nonhuman primate relatives can inform understanding own species, today currently active generations researchers are running labs groups focused a broad range questions species using an scope methods everything from molecules metapopulations. We envisioned that this issue papers would highlight innovative being conducted facilitate further collaboration among researchers, as well providing potentially useful introduction for students postdocs pursuing primatology Canada. begin with historical description started developed Canada, focusing three founders behavioral ‐ Frances Burton, Linda Fedigan, Bernard Chapais. then assess next field significantly. take roughly geographical approach, west east, describing current programs done across topics investigated. As part overview, we also introduce 18 special issue.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Conservation and Population Management of Non‐Human Primates: Parentage Determination Using Seven Microsatellite‐Based Multiplexes

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Conservation of non‐human primates receives much attention, with nearly 350 the more than 520 recorded primate species classified as threatened. To conduct effective population management, monitoring genetic diversity within is key importance, it can offer insights into levels inbreeding groups or populations. examine kinship macaque breeding housed at Biomedical Primate Research Centre, located in Rijswijk, The Netherlands, we have developed seven microsatellite‐based multiplexes for parentage analysis. These comprise a unique set 23 short tandem repeats (STR) distributed across 15 chromosomes. Extensive validation has been conducted 2217 Indian rhesus ( Macaca mulatta ) and 759 long‐tailed macaques M. fascicularis ), demonstrating that these STR markers are highly polymorphic segregate. Most exhibit information content (PIC) value above 0.5, illustrating they informative valuable providing us reliable determination. Beyond macaques, manifested also suitable addressing issues apes other Old World monkey species. Furthermore, this assay works on DNA isolated from both invasive non‐invasive derived material (e.g., hair follicles potentially feces). Thus, present here validated analysis support future colony management objectives various captive populations and, given applicability techniques, could be free‐ranging

Language: Английский

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