Evolving Inversions

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 239 - 248

Published: Jan. 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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Contrasting genomic shifts underlie parallel phenotypic evolution in response to fishing

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 365(6452), P. 487 - 490

Published: Aug. 1, 2019

Parallel and idiosyncratic fish adaptation Fish populations respond rapidly to fishing pressure. Within a handful of generations, marked phenotypic change can occur—often smaller body sizes, because it is the big that are usually extracted. Therkildsen et al. examined wild ancestor lineages found polygenic mechanisms underpin this rapid evolutionary capacity (see Perspective by Jørgensen Enberg). Phenotypic happened in two ways: first, multiple small parallel changes hundreds unlinked genes associated with growth variation wild, second, shifts large blocks linked genes, causing allele frequency at some loci. Science , issue p. 487 ; see also 443

Language: Английский

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Contrasting signatures of genomic divergence during sympatric speciation

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 588(7836), P. 106 - 111

Published: Oct. 28, 2020

Abstract The transition from ‘well-marked varieties’ of a single species into ‘well-defined species’—especially in the absence geographic barriers to gene flow (sympatric speciation)—has puzzled evolutionary biologists ever since Darwin 1,2 . Gene counteracts buildup genome-wide differentiation, which is hallmark speciation and increases likelihood evolution irreversible reproductive (incompatibilities) that complete process 3 Theory predicts genetic architecture divergently selected traits can influence whether sympatric occurs 4 , but empirical tests this theory are scant because comprehensive data difficult collect synthesize across species, owing their unique biologies histories 5 Here, within young complex neotropical cichlid fishes ( Amphilophus spp.), we analysed genomic divergence among populations species. By generating new genome assembly re-sequencing 453 genomes, uncovered have been suggested be important for divergence. Species differ monogenic or oligogenic affect ecological performance and/or mate choice show remarkably localized differentiation. contrast, differentiation diverged polygenic genomically widespread much higher overall, consistent with effective stable flow. Thus, conclude simple trait architectures not always as conducive previously suggested, whereas promote rapid sympatry.

Language: Английский

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Local Adaptation: Causal Agents of Selection and Adaptive Trait Divergence

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 87 - 111

Published: July 25, 2022

Divergent selection across the landscape can favor evolution of local adaptation in populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local is widely observed a diversity taxa, yet we have surprisingly limited understanding mechanisms that give rise to it. For instance, few experimentally confirmed biotic and abiotic variables promote adaptation, fewer identified phenotypic targets mediate adaptation. Here, highlight critical gaps our process discuss insights emerging from in-depth investigations agents drive phenotypes they target, genetic basis these phenotypes. We review historical contemporary methods for assessing explore whether manifests differently life history, evaluate constraints on

Language: Английский

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How chromosomal inversions reorient the evolutionary process

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(12), P. 1761 - 1782

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Abstract Inversions are structural mutations that reverse the sequence of a chromosome segment and reduce effective rate recombination in heterozygous state. They play major role adaptation, as well other evolutionary processes such speciation. Although inversions have been studied since 1920s, they remain difficult to investigate because reduced conferred by them strengthens effects drift hitchhiking, which turn can obscure signatures selection. Nonetheless, numerous found be under Given recent advances population genetic theory empirical study, here we review how different mechanisms selection affect evolution inversions. A key difference between mutations, single nucleotide variants, is fitness an inversion may affected larger number frequently interacting processes. This considerably complicates analysis causes underlying We discuss extent these disentangled, approach. often roles adaptation speciation, but direct their obscured characteristic makes so unique (reduced arrangements). In this review, examine impact evolution, weaving together both theoretical studies. emphasize most patterns overdetermined (i.e. caused multiple processes), highlight new technologies provide path forward towards disentangling mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Multiple chromosomal rearrangements in a hybrid zone betweenLittorina saxatilisecotypes

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1375 - 1393

Published: Dec. 8, 2018

Both classical and recent studies suggest that chromosomal inversion polymorphisms are important in adaptation speciation. However, biases discovery reporting of inversions make it difficult to assess their prevalence biological importance. Here, we use an approach based on linkage disequilibrium among markers genotyped for samples collected across a transect between contrasting habitats detect rearrangements de novo. We report 17 polymorphic single locality the coastal marine snail, Littorina saxatilis. Patterns diversity field recombination controlled crosses provide strong evidence at least majority these inversions. Most show clinal changes frequency habitats, suggestive divergent selection, but only one appears be fixed different arrangements two habitats. Consistent with widespread balancing selection polymorphisms, argue combination heterosis can explain observed patterns should considered other systems spanning environmental gradients.

Language: Английский

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Genomic architecture of parallel ecological divergence: Beyond a single environmental contrast

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(12)

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

The study of parallel ecological divergence provides important clues to the operation natural selection. Parallel often occurs in heterogeneous environments with different kinds environmental gradients locations, but genomic basis underlying this process is unknown. We investigated genomics rapid adaptation marine snail Littorina saxatilis response two independent axes (crab-predation versus wave-action and low-shore high-shore). Using pooled whole-genome resequencing, we show that sharing regions high differentiation between generally low increases at smaller spatial scales. identify shared for each axis most these overlap candidate chromosomal inversions. Several inversion are divergent polymorphic across many localities. argue inversions could store variation fuels environments, possibly as balanced polymorphism by adaptive gene flow.

Language: Английский

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On the causes of geographically heterogeneous parallel evolution in sticklebacks

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 1105 - 1115

Published: June 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Using replicate hybrid zones to understand the genomic basis of adaptive divergence

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(15), P. 3797 - 3814

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Abstract Combining hybrid zone analysis with genomic data is a promising approach to understanding the basis of adaptive divergence. It allows for identification regions underlying barriers gene flow. also provides insights into spatial patterns allele frequency change, informing about interplay between environmental factors, dispersal and selection. However, when only single analysed, it difficult separate generated by selection from those resulting chance. Therefore, beneficial look repeatable across replicate zones in same system. We applied this marine snail Littorina saxatilis , which contains two ecotypes, adapted wave‐exposed rocks vs. high‐predation boulder fields. The existence numerous ecotypes offered opportunity test repeatability architectures sampled phenotyped snails seven on Swedish west coast genotyped them thousands nucleotide polymorphisms. Shell shape size showed parallel clines all zones. Many showing steep and/or high differentiation were shared among zones, consistent common evolutionary history extensive flow supporting importance these In particular, we found that several large putative inversions contribute divergence locations. Additionally, evidence displacement boulder–rock transition. Our results demonstrate variation would not be accessible without continuous sampling, set

Language: Английский

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Genetic variation for adaptive traits is associated with polymorphic inversions inLittorina saxatilis

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 196 - 213

Published: May 9, 2021

Abstract Chromosomal inversions have long been recognized for their role in local adaptation. By suppressing recombination heterozygous individuals, they can maintain coadapted gene complexes and protect them from homogenizing effects of flow. However, to fully understand importance adaptation we need know influence on phenotypes under divergent selection. For this, the marine snail Littorina saxatilis provides an ideal study system. Divergent ecotypes adapted wave action crab predation occur close proximity intertidal shores with flow between them. Here, used F2 individuals obtained crosses test associations genomic regions traits distinguishing Crab-/Wave-adapted including size, shape, shell thickness, behavior. We show that most these are influenced by two previously detected inversion ecotypes. thus gain a better understanding one important underlying mechanism responsible rapid repeated formation ecotypes: selection acting inversions. also found some contributed more than trait suggesting may contain several loci involved adaptation, consistent hypothesis suppression within facilitates differentiation presence

Language: Английский

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