Future loss of local-scale thermal refugia in coral reef ecosystems

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. e0000004 - e0000004

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Thermal refugia underpin climate-smart management of coral reefs, but whether current thermal will remain so under future warming is uncertain. We use statistical downscaling to provide the highest resolution stress projections (0.01°/1 km, >230,000 reef pixels) currently available for reefs and identify on locally manageable scales. Here, we show that climate change overwhelm local-scale refugia, with declines in global from 84% pixels present-day 0.2% at 1.5°C, 0% 2.0°C warming. Local-scale oceanographic features such as upwelling strong ocean currents only rarely refugia. confirm 1.5°C relative pre-industrial levels be catastrophic reefs. Focusing efforts may effective short-term. Promoting adaptation higher temperatures facilitating migration instead needed secure survival.

Language: Английский

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Coral‐bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4229 - 4250

Published: April 27, 2022

Abstract The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one the greatest challenges this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines spatial temporal scales. Here we review some seminal recent coral‐bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data processes can improve predictive models provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements biological Taking integrative approach scales, using for example hierarchical estimate major coral‐reef processes, will not only rapidly advance science but necessary guide decision‐making conservation efforts. To conserve encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands km 2 ) transcend national boundaries. Such networks protected reefs reef connectivity, through larval dispersal transverse thermal environments, genotypic repositories may become essential units selection environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational be best chance corals persist change, while humanity struggles reduce emissions greenhouse gases net zero.

Language: Английский

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Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(6)

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why they important? Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. is increasingly used to understand mitigate climate biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status microclimate ecology biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, where this field heading next. investigations We highlight latest research on interactions between organisms, including how influence individuals, through them populations, communities entire ecosystems their processes. also briefly discuss recent organisms shape from tropics poles. applications ecosystem management Microclimates important under change. showcase new with examples conservation, forestry urban ecology. importance microrefugia conservation promote heterogeneity. Methods for advances data acquisition, such as novel sensors remote sensing methods. modelling, mapping processing, accessibility modelling tools, advantages mechanistic statistical solutions computational challenges that have pushed state‐of‐the‐art field. What's next? identify major knowledge gaps need be filled further advancing investigations, These include spatiotemporal scaling data, mismatches macroclimate predicting responses change, more evidence outcomes management.

Language: Английский

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Rising water temperature in rivers: Ecological impacts and future resilience

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(4)

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Rising water temperatures in rivers due to climate change are already having observable impacts on river ecosystems. Warming has both direct and indirect aquatic life, further aggravates pervasive issues such as eutrophication, pollution, the spread of disease. Animals can survive higher through physiological and/or genetic acclimation, behavioral phenological change, range shifts more suitable locations. As such, those animals that adapted cool‐water regions typically found high altitudes latitudes where there fewer dispersal opportunities most at risk future extinction. However, sub‐lethal animal physiology phenology, body‐size, trophic interactions could have significant population‐level effects elsewhere. Rivers vulnerable warming because historic management left them exposed solar radiation removal riparian shade, hydrologically disconnected longitudinally, laterally, vertically. The resilience riverine ecosystems is also limited by anthropogenic simplification habitats, with implications for resource use resident organisms. Due complex ecosystems, species‐specific response organisms warming, predicting how will challenging. Restoring provide connectivity heterogeneity conditions would a expected co‐occurring pressures, including should be considered priority part global strategies adaptation mitigation. This article categorized under: Science Water > Environmental Change Life Nature Freshwater Ecosystems Stresses Pressures

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the climate change robustness of Canadian protected area management plans

Geography and sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100280 - 100280

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Climate‐change refugia in boreal North America: what, where, and for how long?

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 261 - 270

Published: June 1, 2020

The vast boreal biome plays an important role in the global carbon cycle but is experiencing particularly rapid climate warming, threatening integrity of valued ecosystems and their component species. We developed a framework taxonomy to identify climate‐change refugia potential North American region, summarizing current knowledge regarding mechanisms, geographic distribution, landscape indicators. While “terrain‐mediated” will mostly be limited coastal mountain regions, ecological inertia (resistance external fluctuations) contained some may provide more extensive buffering against change, resulting “ecosystem‐protected” refugia. A notable example peatlands, which can retain high surface soil moisture water tables even face drought. Refugia from wildfire are also especially characterized by active disturbance regimes. Our help areas potential, inform ecosystem management conservation planning light change.

Language: Английский

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Disturbance refugia within mosaics of forest fire, drought, and insect outbreaks

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 235 - 244

Published: June 1, 2020

Disturbance refugia – locations that experience less severe or frequent disturbances than the surrounding landscape provide a framework to highlight not only where and why these biological legacies persist as adjacent areas change but also value of those in sustaining biodiversity. Recent studies disturbance forest ecosystems have focused primarily on fire, with growing recognition important applications land management. Given wide range processes forests, developing broader understanding is for scientists managers, particularly context anthropogenic climate change. We illustrate through individual interactive effects three prominent agents: drought, insect outbreaks. examples related natural resource management western North America, demonstrate methods characterizing refugia, identify research priorities, discuss more comprehensive definition relevant conservation globally.

Language: Английский

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Rock glaciers and related cold rocky landforms: Overlooked climate refugia for mountain biodiversity

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 1504 - 1517

Published: Jan. 7, 2021

Abstract Mountains are global biodiversity hotspots where cold environments and their associated ecological communities threatened by climate warming. Considerable research attention has been devoted to understanding the effects of alpine glacier snowfield recession. However, much less given identifying refugia in mountain ecosystems present‐day environmental conditions will be maintained, at least near‐term, as other habitats change. Around world, montane microbes, animals, plants live on, adjacent to, downstream rock glaciers related rocky landforms (CRL). These geomorphological features have overlooked literature despite being extremely common ranges worldwide with a propensity support stable for aquatic terrestrial biodiversity. CRLs responsive atmospheric warming than snowfields due insulating nature thermal inertia debris cover paired internal ventilation patterns. Thus, likely remain on landscape after melted, thereby providing longer‐term habitat living them. Here, we show that act key ecosystems, offer guidelines incorporating into conservation practices, identify areas future research.

Language: Английский

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A changing climate is snuffing out post‐fire recovery in montane forests

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 2039 - 2051

Published: Aug. 17, 2020

Abstract Aim Climate warming is increasing fire activity in many of Earth’s forested ecosystems. Because a catalyst for change, investigation post‐fire vegetation response critical to understanding the potential future conversions from forest non‐forest types. We characterized influences climate and terrain on tree regeneration assessed how these biophysical factors might shape vulnerability wildfire‐driven conversion. Location Montane forests, Rocky Mountains, USA. Time period 1981–2099. Taxa studied Pinus ponderosa ; Pseudotsuga menziesii . Methods developed database dendrochronological samples ( n = 717) plots 1,301) environments spanning range topoclimatic settings. then used statistical models predict annual seedling establishment suitability total abundance suite correlates. Finally, we reconstructed recent trends recovery projected dynamics using three general circulation (GCMs) under moderate extreme CO 2 emission scenarios. Results Though growing season (April–September) precipitation during (1981–2015) was positively associated with establishment, (2021–2099) were widely variable among GCMs, leading mixed projections suitability. In contrast, climatic water deficit (CWD), which indicative warm, dry conditions, negatively increase throughout southern Mountains future. Our findings suggest that increases CWD an increased frequency drought years will substantially reduce densities. Main conclusions This study highlights key roles drying declining resilience wildfire. Moisture stress, driven by macroclimate topographic setting, interact wildfire patterns

Language: Английский

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Topoclimates, refugia, and biotic responses to climate change

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 288 - 297

Published: June 1, 2020

Plant distributions are strongly influenced by both climate and topography. In an analysis of geographic topographic for selected tree species in California, we found that populations increasingly restricted to extreme positions as they approach the edge their ranges, occupying cooler, pole‐facing slopes (at warm dry edge) warmer, equator‐facing cool moist edge). At a local scale, across gradients also correlate with ranges (species occupy cooler locations within landscape have moister distributions, vice versa). Model outputs indicated on will experience population declines increases, respectively, response warmer drier future. As such, locations, which viewed refugia some contexts, may be most threatened anthropogenic change.

Language: Английский

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