TURKISH MEDICAL STUDENT JOURNAL,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 86 - 92
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
Central
nervous
system
stimulants
of
various
levels
effectiveness
are
commonly
used
among
students
worldwide.These
a
group
drugs
that
increase
vigilance,
alertness,
and
excitation.In
the
present
study,
three
stimulants;
caffeine,
methylphenidate,
modafinil
compared
in
terms
their
mechanisms
action,
effects
on
memory,
addiction,
especially
younger
population.Caffeine
is
most
widely
stimulant
after
methylphenidate
modafinil.Although
possibility
addiction
due
to
caffeine
highly
dose-dependent,
there
potential
for
abuse
modafinil.These
variety
reasons,
such
as
staying
awake
increasing
alertness
complete
assignments,
or
recreational
purposes
students.Also,
since
many
readily
accessible
individuals,
substances
may
be
misused.The
aim
study
show
different
aspects
use
epidemiology,
mechanism,
effect
electroencephalogram
long-term
memory.
Routledge eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 119 - 134
Published: July 9, 2024
Considering
the
current
booming
use
of
cognitive
enhancers
in
general
population,
triggered
by
their
uncontrolled
availability
through
online
purchase,
defining
clear
policies
and
guidelines
regarding
professional
contexts
is
both
necessary
urgent.
Whereas
these
regulations
remain
a
national
prerogative,
depending
on
culture
legislation
(as
described
more
detail
Chapter
18),
present
chapter
aims
to
provide
scientific
evidence
base
make
informed
decisions
benefits
pharmacological
measures
as
mental
performance
enhancement
tool.
Substances
that
are
believed
enhance
often
referred
"smart
pills"
or
"nootropics",
from
Greek
"nous"
meaning
mind
"trepein"
turning/bending
(Napoletano
et
al.,
2020),
can
be
defined
drugs
increase
ability
anyone
taking
it,
independently
whether
user
cognitively
impaired
(e.g.,
jet
lag,
sleep
deprived),
suffers
neuropsychiatric
disorder
Alzheimer's
disease),
healthy
person.
This
presents
latter,
pills
persons
without
any
medical
indication.
Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 304 - 313
Published: Nov. 26, 2024
Modafinil
is
primarily
used
to
treat
narcolepsy
but
also
as
an
off-label
cognitive
enhancer.
Functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
studies
indicate
that
modafinil
modulates
the
connectivity
of
neocortical
networks
involved
in
attention
and
executive
functions.
However,
much
less
known
about
drug's
effects
on
subcortical
structures.
Following
preliminary
findings,
we
evaluated
modafinil's
activity
distinct
cerebellar
regions
with
neocortex.
We
assessed
spatial
relationship
these
expression
neurotransmitter
receptors/transporters.
Patterns
resting-state
functional
were
estimated
50
participants
from
scans
acquired
pre-
postadministration
a
single
(100
mg)
dose
(n
=
25)
or
placebo
25).
Using
specific
seeds
for
voxelwise
analyses,
examined
modulation
cerebellar-neocortical
connectivity.
Next,
conducted
quantitative
evaluation
overlap
between
receptors/transporters
obtained
by
publicly
available
databases.
increased
crus
I
vermis
IX
prefrontal
regions.
Crus
changes
associated
dopaminergic
D2
receptors.
The
I-II
showed
enhanced
coupling
dorsal
anterior
cingulate
cortex
matched
histaminergic
H3
VII-VIII
displayed
visual
cortex,
neurotransmission.
Our
study
reveals
modulatory
mainly
involves
spatially
overlaps
distribution
Research Society and Development,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. e10512239958 - e10512239958
Published: Jan. 23, 2023
O
aumento
do
uso
de
psicoestimulantes
por
estudantes
saudáveis
tem
gerado
questionamentos
acerca
dos
efeitos
para
o
da
performance
acadêmica.
Com
isso,
presente
estudo
teve
como
objetivo
realizar
uma
revisão
integrativa
sobre
a
efetividade
dessas
drogas
no
acadêmica
em
pessoas
saudáveis.
Direcionada
com
auxílio
descritores
verificados
Descritores
Ciências
Saúde
(DECS)
e
Medical
Subject
Headings
(MESH)
acordo
cada
base
dados.
Para
produção
artigo,
foram
realizadas
buscas
nas
seguintes
bases
dados:
Scientific
Electronic
Library
Online
(SCIELO),
Biblioteca
Virtual
(BVS),
Web
of
Science,
National
Medicine
-
Institutes
Health
(PUBMED).
Foram
selecionados
critérios
inclusão:
responder
à
pergunta-alvo
estar
escrito
português
ou
inglês.
Como
resultado,
obtidos
13
estudos.
Após
análise,
observou-se
um
que
reuniu
dados
pesquisa
on-line
documentar
benefício
acadêmico
percebido
NPS
sua
relação
tal
prática
(nonmedical
use
prescription
stimulants-
estimulantes
sem
prescrição
médica),
28,6%
usuários
concordaram
poderia
melhorar
desempenho
acadêmico,
outros
38,0%
não
tinham
certeza.
Notou-se
também
padrões
consumo
bebida
cannabis
estavam
mais
associados
ao
NPS.
Além
disso,
associou-se
metilfenidato
melhora
memória
longo
prazo,
contudo,
os
resultados
mostraram-se
conflitantes.
Assim,
faz-se
necessário
seguimento
novas
pesquisas,
visando
intensificar
disseminação
informações
riscos
automedicação
promover
ações
enfoque
na
saúde
mental
acadêmicos.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: Dec. 4, 2024
The
brain's
response
to
cognitive
demands
hinges
on
sufficient
blood
flow,
with
changes
in
brain
hemodynamics
serving
as
a
reflection
of
this
process.
Certain
bioactive
compounds
found
our
diet,
such
caffeine,
polyphenols,
and
nitrate,
can
acutely
impact
through
diverse
neural,
vasoactive,
metabolic
mechanisms.
Functional
Near-Infrared
Spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
offers
non-invasive
real-time
method
investigate
these
effects.
Despite
their
potential,
fNIRS
studies
investigating
the
acute
impacts
cognition
face
methodological
gaps,
especially
controlling
confounding
factors.
Given
effects,
which
be
significant
due
relatively
limited
sample
size
studies,
there
is
need
refine
methodologies
employed.
This
review
proposes
recommendations
enhance
current
research
field,
focusing
key
aspects
data
collection
phase,
including
design,
experimental
paradigms,
participant
demographics,
integration
into
analysis
phase.
Ultimately,
it
seeks
advance
understanding
effects
functions
contribute
development
targeted
nutritional
interventions
for
improved
health.
Brazilian Journal of Health Review,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(3), P. 10435 - 10439
Published: May 24, 2023
O
metilfenidato
(MPH,
Ritalina®)
é
um
fármaco
utilizado
para
o
tratamento
de
indivíduos
com
transtornos
hipercinéticos1.
Entretanto,
uso
estimulantes
tem
sido
cada
vez
mais
procurado
pela
população
saudável,
intuito
aprimorar
suas
habilidades
cognitivas,
promover
a
melhora
da
atenção
e
memória.
TURKISH MEDICAL STUDENT JOURNAL,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 86 - 92
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
Central
nervous
system
stimulants
of
various
levels
effectiveness
are
commonly
used
among
students
worldwide.These
a
group
drugs
that
increase
vigilance,
alertness,
and
excitation.In
the
present
study,
three
stimulants;
caffeine,
methylphenidate,
modafinil
compared
in
terms
their
mechanisms
action,
effects
on
memory,
addiction,
especially
younger
population.Caffeine
is
most
widely
stimulant
after
methylphenidate
modafinil.Although
possibility
addiction
due
to
caffeine
highly
dose-dependent,
there
potential
for
abuse
modafinil.These
variety
reasons,
such
as
staying
awake
increasing
alertness
complete
assignments,
or
recreational
purposes
students.Also,
since
many
readily
accessible
individuals,
substances
may
be
misused.The
aim
study
show
different
aspects
use
epidemiology,
mechanism,
effect
electroencephalogram
long-term
memory.
