The metabolic costs of cognition

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Aging and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism: 18F-FDG-PET/CT Reveals Distinct Global and Regional Metabolic Changes in Healthy Patients

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2044 - 2044

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism can be indicative of both normal and pathological aging processes. In this retrospective study, we evaluated global regional neurological 73 healthy individuals (mean age: 35.8 ± 13.1 years; 82.5% female) using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). This population exhibited a low prevalence comorbidities associated with cerebrovascular risk factors. We utilized 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging quantitative analysis to assess metabolism. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between age the standardized uptake value mean (SUVmean) FDG (p = 0.000795), indicating decrease whole-brain aging. Furthermore, region-specific identified correlations four regions, positive basis pontis, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellum lateral orbital gyrus. These results were further confirmed via linear regression analysis. Our findings reveal nuanced understanding how affects brain, providing insight into neurology. The study underscores utility as sensitive tool monitoring these metabolic changes, highlighting its potential for early detection diseases disorders related

Language: Английский

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The association of regional cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in normative ageing and insulin resistance

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 25, 2024

Abstract Rising rates of insulin resistance and an ageing population are set to exact increasing toll on individuals society. Here we examine the contribution age association cerebral blood flow glucose metabolism; both critical process in supply energy for brain. Thirty-four younger (20–42 years) 41 older (66–86 healthy adults underwent a simultaneous resting state MR/PET scan, including arterial spin labelling. Rates metabolism were derived using functional atlas 100 brain regions. Older had lower than 95 regions, reducing 36 regions after controlling cortical atrophy pressure. Lower was also associated with worse working memory slower reaction time tasks requiring cognitive flexibility response inhibition. Younger sensitive showed small, negative correlations between relatively high regional metabolism. This pattern inverted resistant adults, who hypoperfusion hypometabolism across cortex, positive correlation. In inversion correlations, although not extent seen adults. Our findings suggest that normal course alter associations They underscore criticality sensitivity health adult lifespan.

Language: Английский

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Lower brain glucose metabolism in normal ageing is predominantly frontal and temporal: A systematic review and pooled effect size and activation likelihood estimates meta‐analyses

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 1251 - 1277

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

This review provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in ageing. We undertook systematic literature followed by pooled effect size activation likelihood estimates (ALE) meta-analyses. Studies were retrieved from PubMed following the PRISMA guidelines. After reviewing 635 records, 21 studies with 22 independent samples (n = 911 participants) included analyses. Eight eleven separate 713 ALE Pooled sizes showed significantly lower metabolic rates for older versus younger adults whole brain, as well frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes. Among sub-cortical structures, caudate rate among adults. In sub-group analyses controlling changes brain volume or partial effects, frontal lobe remained significant, whereas confidence intervals crossed zero other lobes structures. The identified nine clusters adults, ranging 200 to 2640 mm3 . two largest left right inferior superior temporal gyri insula. Clusters also found junction, anterior cingulate caudate. Taken together, results are consistent research showing less efficient ageing brain. findings discussed context theories cognitive compared those neurodegenerative disease.

Language: Английский

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GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Old Mice Improves Brain Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Glucose Uptake, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Genomic Damage, Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors to Reverse Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: Implications for Improving Brain Health in Aging

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1042 - 1042

Published: May 4, 2023

Cognitive decline frequently occurs with increasing age, but mechanisms contributing to age-associated cognitive (ACD) are not well understood and solutions lacking. Understanding reversing ACD important because increased age is identified as the single most risk factor for dementia. We reported earlier that in older humans associated glutathione (GSH) deficiency, oxidative stress (OxS), mitochondrial dysfunction, glucose dysmetabolism inflammation, supplementing GlyNAC (glycine N-acetylcysteine) improved these defects. To test whether defects occur brain association ACD, could be improved/reversed supplementation, we studied young (20-week) old (90-week) C57BL/6J mice. Old mice received either regular or supplemented diets 8 weeks, while diet. Cognition outcomes (GSH, OxS, energetics, autophagy/mitophagy, transporters, genomic damage neurotrophic factors) were measured. Compared mice, old-control had significant impairment multiple supplementation improved/corrected reversed ACD. This study finds naturally-occurring abnormalities brain, provides proof-of-concept corrects improves function aging.

Language: Английский

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Age-Related Changes in Caudate Glucose Metabolism: Insights from Normative Modeling Study in Healthy Subjects

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 67 - 67

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Background: As the global population ages, prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia, continues to rise. Understanding impact aging on striatal glucose metabolism is pivotal in identifying potential biomarkers for early detection these disorders. Methods: We investigated age-related changes using both region interest (ROI)-based voxel-wise correlation analyses. Additionally, we employed a normative modeling approach establish metabolic trajectories assess individual deviations from patterns. In vivo cerebral was quantified molecular neuroimaging technique, 18F-FDG PET. Results: Our results revealed significant negative correlations between age bilateral caudate. Furthermore, demonstrated clear, progressive decline caudate advancing age, most pronounced reductions were observed older individuals. Conclusions: These findings suggest that may serve sensitive biomarker normal offer valuable insights into stages diseases. Moreover, by establishing age-specific reference values metabolism, model provides framework detecting expected patterns, which facilitate identification alterations could precede clinical symptoms processes.

Language: Английский

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Association Between Lifestyle at Different Life Periods and Brain Integrity in Older Adults

Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(5)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Lifestyle behaviors, including engagement in complex mental activities, have been associated with dementia risk and neuroimaging markers of aging Alzheimer disease. However, the life period(s) at which lifestyle factors greatest influence on brain health remains unclear. Our objective was to determine relative (i.e., activities) different periods older adults' health. This observational study included community-dwelling cognitively unimpaired seniors (older than 65 years) from Age-Well randomized controlled trial (Caen, France). All participants completed baseline Lifetime Experiences Questionnaire, assessing activities during young adulthood (13-30 years: LEQ-young), midlife (30-65 LEQ-midlife), late-life LEQ-late). LEQ scores were divided into specific non-specific activities. Multiple regressions conducted 3 (same model) predict gray matter volume (GMv; structural-MRI), glucose metabolism (fluorodeoxyglucose-PET), perfusion (early-Florbetapir-PET), or amyloid burden (late-Florbetapir-PET), both AD-signature regions voxel-wise (significance for analyses: p < 0.005uncorrected, k > 100). Correlations between outcomes then compared (1) (2) Analyses age sex. In 135 adults (mean = 69.3 years; women 61.5%), no associations found within (all 0.25). Voxel-wise analyses revealed association LEQ-young neuroimaging. LEQ-midlife showed stronger other GMv, notably anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus. These correlations occupation) subscore (GMv: z 3.25, 0.001, 95% CI [0.1292-0.5135]; amyloid: -1.88, 0.05, [-0.3810 -0.0113]). LEQ-late medial frontal regions. The correlation (z 2.88, 0.01, [0.0894-0.4606]). may complementary benefits related reserve/resilience aging. While past (midlife) could promote resistance against structural/pathologic alterations, current (late-life) enhance cognitive reserve. Future larger longitudinal studies should explore mechanisms by promotes

Language: Английский

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Age‐ and Sex‐Specific Patterns in Adult Brain Network Segregation

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 46(4)

Published: March 1, 2025

The human brain is organized into several segregated associative and sensory functional networks, each responsible for various aspects of cognitive processing. These networks become less over the adult lifespan, possibly contributing to decline that observed during advanced age. To date, a comprehensive understanding decreasing network segregation with age has been hampered by (1) small sample sizes, (2) lack investigation at different spatial scales, (3) limited range participants, more importantly (4) an inadequate consideration sex (biological females males) differences. This study aimed address these shortcomings. Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 357 cognitively intact participants (18.2-91.8 years; 49.9 ± 17.1 27.70 1.72 MoCA score, 203 [56.8%] females), index (defined as one minus ratio between-network connectivity within-network connectivity) was calculated three scales networks: whole-brain network, intermediate well core visual (VIS), sensorimotor (SMN), frontoparietal (FPN), ventral attention (VAN), dorsal (DAN), default mode (DMN). Where applicable, secondary within-, between-, pairwise analyses also conducted investigate origin any effects on segregation. For given metric, linear quadratic effects, respective interaction assessed using backwards iterative regression modeling. Replicating previous work, found across adulthood. Specifically, negative decreases in VAN, DMN observed. Intermediate VIS, SMN exhibited index. Secondary analysis revealed this process age-related reorganization preferential increase either between anatomically adjacent (DMN-DAN, FPN-DAN) or anterior posterior (VIS-DAN, VIS-DMN, VIS-FPN, SMN-DMN, SMN-FPN). Inherent differences whole-brain, associative, DMN, FPN greater compared males, irrespective have reduced (DAN-VAN, VAN-FPN) males independent A notable decrease SI only not males. findings support notion reorganize becoming segregated. may reflect underlying neurocognitive aging mechanisms like neural dedifferentiation, inefficiency, compensation. trajectories rates segregation, however, vary networks. provides preliminary evidence inherent organization, where are than suggest female be efficient functionally specialized Given findings, future studies should take focused approach examining incorporating multimodal methodologies.

Language: Английский

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Senescence and aging differentially alter key metabolic pathways in murine brain microglia

Neuroscience Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 828, P. 137751 - 137751

Published: March 26, 2024

Microglia, the resident immune cells of central nervous system, are critically involved in maintaining brain homeostasis. With age, microglia display morphological and functional alterations that have been associated with cognitive decline neurodegeneration. Although seem to participate an increasing number biological processes which require a high energy demand, little is known about their metabolic regulation under physiological pathophysiological conditions during aging/senescence. Here, we determined mRNA expression levels critical rate limiting enzymes several key pathways including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation synthesis association oxidative phosphorylation microglia, both aging senescent conditions. We found strong evidence for different changes occuring vs. aged cells. While hypermetabolic state as indicated by increased glycolysis rather hypometabolism. Our findings indicate studies involving clear differentiation between these microglial states due profound differences observed here. Understanding may lead novel strategies decrease over-activation aging, process inflamm-aging

Language: Английский

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Synaptic signaling modeled by functional connectivity predicts metabolic demands of the human brain

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 295, P. 120658 - 120658

Published: May 28, 2024

The human brain is characterized by interacting large-scale functional networks fueled glucose metabolism. Since former studies could not sufficiently clarify how these connections shape metabolism, we aimed to provide a neurophysiologically-based approach.

Language: Английский

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