From protein to immunology: comprehensive insights into Marburg virus vaccines, mechanism, and application

Archives of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 207(4)

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Behavioral risk assessment of exposure to wild and domestic animals in response to a Marburg virus disease outbreak, Ghana 2022

One Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 101010 - 101010

Published: March 15, 2025

In July 2022, Ghana reported its first outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD). The source the was unknown. August 2022 we conducted a behavioral risk assessment, surveying 715 participants in three rural communities associated with presumptive index case: Site 1 Ashanti Region and Sites 2 3 Western Ghana. Our primary aim to characterize exposure wild domestic animals, specifically Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs), natural reservoir for virus. We focused on two routes potential ERBs: 1) eating fruit bearing bite marks 2) entering caves or mines where were present. Eating common across all sites, but highest at Region. Higher levels education negatively correlated marks, while having trees present participant's home compound increased odds this exposure. Residents significantly more likely be exposed mines. Participants sites also high inside buildings; ERBs do not typically roost buildings, presents other bat-associated pathogens. One participant symptoms consistent MVD previous four months, suggesting possibility unrecognized cases that may have been outbreak. This study identified behaviors within regions could increase bat-borne Serological surveys these would provide important information about extent by identifying unreported cases, as well filoviruses.

Language: Английский

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The neglected continuously emerging Marburg virus disease in Africa: A global public health threat

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(11)

Published: Oct. 29, 2023

Severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is caused by Marburg virus which a member of the Filoviridae (filovirus) family. Many disease (MVD) outbreaks are reported in five decades. A major notable outbreak with substantial cases infections and deaths was 2022 Uganda. The World Health Organisation (WHO) MVD Ghana July following detection two probable VHF patients there. Further, from other African countries, Equatorial Guinea (February 2023) Tanzania (March 2023). There have been 35 out 40 Guinea, six nine confirmed so far.Data particularly on several as countries were searched various databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Web-of-science. Also, primary data reports health agencies like WHO Centers for Disease Control Prevention CDC) evaluated efficacy reviewed.Chiroptera general bat species Rousettus aegyptiacus Hipposideros caffer particular natural reservoirs virus. MVD-infected nonhuman primate fruit-bat humans pose significant risk human infections. Cross-border transmission its potential further international ramification concerns raise rapid spread outbreak. Occurrence becoming more frequent Africa higher case fatality rates. Effective prophylactic therapeutic interventions to counter this deadly suggested.In face lack effective therapeutics preventives against MVD, supportive care only available option contributes growing concern severity. In view preventive approaches involving surveillance monitoring system "One Health" model extremely beneficial ensure healthy world all, article aims at emphasizing outbreaks, epidemiology, zoonosis virus, current treatment strategies, assessments, mitigation strategies MVD.

Language: Английский

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Marburg Virus Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Currently Available Comprehensive Genomic Data up to 2024

Zoonotic Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 6 - 6

Published: March 7, 2025

Marburg virus (MARV) is one of the deadliest human zoonotic pathogens, historically traced back to Uganda, in East African-cave-dwelling Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), probable cradle MARV. Since its first identification Germany and Serbia 1967 due laboratory contamination, MARV has caused 18 outbreaks humans Sub-Saharan Africa, with latest Tanzania 2025 2023, Rwanda 2024, Equatorial Guinea 2023. Efforts control through bat extermination Africa have been ineffective, likely incomplete recolonization infected juvenile bats. Over past two decades, extensive molecular epidemiological research generated over 70 complete genomes, enabling detailed phylogenetic analysis, though bat-derived sequences are still rare. Phylogenetic analysis African Marburgviruses from 1975 shows clustering bats, indicating that reservoir species these regions not considerably distinct. This review aims consolidate comprehensive genomic data provide a clearer picture current disease situation and, turn, highlights need for active surveillance identify hotspots prevent future global outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic advances in Marburg virus disease: from experimental treatments to vaccine development

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(5), P. 2784 - 2799

Published: March 28, 2025

The Marburg virus (MARV), discovered in 1967, has led to devastating outbreaks over the world; mortality rate of disease (MVD) varies according outbreak and viral type. very first known filovirus hemorrhagic fever occurred Germany former Yugoslavia. MVD is a deadly illness caused by MARV virus, part Filoviridae family. It progresses with early replication that damages immune cells, followed destruction organs like spleen, liver, lymphoid tissues. Combatting this requires proper health education, strong strategies. lethal single-stranded RNA transmitted Egyptian rousette bats, fatality approximately 90%. This work explored ongoing studies on recent vaccine developments experimental therapies, such as recombinant vesicular stomatitis (VSV)-based MVA-BN-Filo, aiming combat infection. Over previous years, also spread non-endemic African countries, demonstrating its potential cause epidemics. Although MARV-specific vaccines are evaluated preclinical clinical research, none have been approved for human use. Studies revealed Modified Vaccinia Ankara, well-established vector used generate against emerging pathogens, can deliver multiple antigens remarkable safety immunogenicity record. recently reported Rwanda 2024, an country, nearly 15 reported. review describes nature MVD, key outbreaks, virus’s pathogenesis, mode transmission, laboratory diagnosis, control prevention measures advance treatment, drug development, creation, MVD.

Language: Английский

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Tanzania confirms its second MVD outbreak: A constantly emerging outbreak calls for effective countermeasures in light of one health approach and preparedness to counter future epidemics

One Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101070 - 101070

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Marburg Virus Disease: Epidemiology, Immune Responses, and Innovations in Vaccination and Treatment for Enhanced Public Health Strategies

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 468 - 468

Published: May 12, 2025

Marburg virus disease (MVD) remains an important global health concern, in part because of its particularly high mortality rate [...]

Language: Английский

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The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Evaluation of Marburg Virus to Cause Mysterious “Disease X”—An Update on Recent Evidences

Environmental Health Insights, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) defined Disease X as an upcoming disease with the potential to cause a pandemic. Pathogen is responsible for X. Marburg virus (MVD) one of diseases from priority list published by WHO. filamentous, negative-sense RNA that belongs same filovirus family lethal Ebola virus. Since first discovery this in 1967, 17 outbreaks occurred sporadically till 2023. Rousettus aegyptiacus acts natural reservoir With average incubation period 5 10 days, its target mononuclear phagocytic system cells. It highly contagious and can be easily transmitted animal human via direct contact blood or body fluid, feces, semen infected host. Although has high case fatality rate close 90%, unfortunately, there no approved vaccines treatments are available. most recent outbreak Equatorial Guinea Tanzania 2023 caused alert global health. However, based on last pandemic COVID-19 sudden re-emerging monkeypox around world, we assume Our modern world depends globalization, which helps transmission among countries. humans fruit bats Pteropodidae family. This causes severe hemorrhagic disease, specific available combat it. Therefore, community engagement early supportive care patients keys successfully controlling MVD.

Language: Английский

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Can Marburg virus be sexually transmitted?

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Background and Aim Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly virulent of animal origin the cause lethal infection (known as disease [MVD]) with case‐fatality ratio ranging from 24% to 90%. While potential nonzoonotic routes spread are plausible, risk not yet fully determined. Here, we described ways by which MARV spreads within human population focusing mainly on sexual transmission. In addition, addressed some measures that should be taken minimize proposed future research agenda Methods For this perspective, searched four electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Google Scholar) included most relevant studies published since first identification in 1967. We used “Marburg virus,” disease,” “Seminal fluid,” “Sexually‐transmitted “Sexual transmission,” “Emerging infectious disease” keywords. Results transmitted humans via both direct indirect contact infected animals (most importantly bats) individuals who have recently been diagnosed or died disease. The transmission through has previously suspected (exclusively men their partners). Studies suggest persists predominantly testicular Sertoli cells seminiferous tubules over relatively long period released seminal fluid (in reports >200 days post onset infection) could potentially threaten health. addition men, women theoretically, although less probably contribute Conclusion MVD, however, rarely, passed sex, appear main carriers regard. Taking preventive countermeasures practicing safe sex recommended reduce interhuman

Language: Английский

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Infection prevention and control: Qualitative study of the preparedness and response of Christian health Association of Ghana to Marburg virus disease in Ghana

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. e31953 - e31953

Published: May 25, 2024

ObjectiveRecent disease outbreaks underscore the importance of robust surveillance and infection prevention control (IPC) programmes to bolster Africa's public health response system. Yet, available evidence shows extensive gaps in emergency capacity faith-based healthcare providers on continent. Accordingly, this study examines IPC strategies adopted by a provider challenges encountered during Marburg Virus Disease outbreak (MVD) Ghana.MethodWe collected data from 15 clinical nonclinical workers Christian Health Association Ghana (CHAG) Service (GHS). Data was through online interviews examine two pillars WHO COVID-19 SPRP-AFR (2021) framework. We analyzed using Braun Clarke's thematic analysis.FindingsThe facility performed creditably well with contact tracing other quarantine protocols MVD Ghana. However, it also several enforcement protocols, including human resource constraints, lack decontamination equipment, limited infrastructure, among others. Given these limitations, we assessed that cannot handle major outbreaks.ConclusionDue numerous infectious Sub-Saharan Africa recent years, government must their facilities relevant equipment qualified resources against future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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