A mini review of reinfection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

COVID-19 has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. After the end of dynamic zero-COVID policy in China December, 2022, concerns regarding reinfection were raised while little was known due to lack surveillance data this country.

Language: Английский

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What is the in-host dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus? A challenge within a multiscale vision of living systems

Networks and Heterogeneous Media, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 655 - 681

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This paper deals with the modeling and simulation of in-host dynamics a virus. The approach was developed according to idea that mathematical models should go beyond deterministic single-scale population by taking into account multiscale, heterogeneous features complex system under consideration. Here, we considered competition between virus, epithelial cells it infects, immune evolving activation states induce range different effects on virus particles infected cells. subsequent numerical simulations showed types model outcomes: from elimination, persistence periodic relapse, uncontrolled growth triggers blow-up in fully activated response. also existence threshold response separates regimes higher re-infections lower (compared magnitude first viral infection).

Language: Английский

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Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccination Awareness and Uptake in the Post-PHEIC Era: A Narrative Review of Physician-Level and System-Level Strategies

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1038 - 1038

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Following the World Health Organization's declaration that COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), remains an ongoing threat to human and healthcare systems. Vaccination plays crucial role in reducing disease's incidence, mitigating its severity, limiting transmission, contributing long-term resilience. However, incomplete vaccination coverage vaccine hesitancy exist. This narrative review investigates strategies at system physician levels aimed sustaining awareness uptake post-PHEIC era. Through examination existing literature, this explores effectiveness diverse approaches utilized by systems individual providers. These address every component 5C model hesitancy: confidence, complacency, constraints/convenience, calculation, collective responsibility. Physician-level include appropriate message framing, persuasive communication containing safety personal/social benefit information, sharing personal stories, creating safe space for discussion, harnessing co-administration with annual influenza vaccines, use decision aids visual messages. System-level messaging, mass media communication, on-site availability, pharmacist delivery, protocol integration, incentives, chatbot use.

Language: Английский

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Initial antigen encounter determines robust T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant three years later

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106402 - 106402

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

We aimed to evaluate the adaptive immune responses' cross-recognition of hypermutated SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant and identify determinants influencing this recognition.

Language: Английский

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Initial antigen encounter determines robust T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant three years later

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Background The emergence of the hypermutated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.2.86 variant raises significant concerns due to its potential evade pre-existing immunity. Methods We measured cross-reactivity neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in 52 previously exposed participants investigated clinic-demographic viral genetic determinants affecting responses. Findings found that despite notable escape from antibodies, remained generally preserved, albeit with a but small loss cross-recognition (7.5 %, 14.2 % 10.8 average for IFN-g, IL-2 IFN-g + IL-2, respectively, p < 0.05). This is consistent prediction 6 out 10 immunodominant epitopes (TCEs) altered by lineage-defining mutations have reduced peptide presentation. effect expected be mitigated total TCEs across genome. Remarkably, were 3.5 (IFN-g), (IL-2) 2.4 (IFN-g IL-2) times higher when first induced natural infection rather than vaccination three years before, increasing number infections, ancestral/Delta Omicron infections. Interpretation Our findings underscore critical role factors influencing immunity against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as antigen encounter (vaccination or infection), which essential developing effective control strategies variants. Funding European Union (Horizon Europe), Fundacio Privada Daniel Bravo Andreu, Catalan Government (PERIS, CERCA), Spanish Ministry Science, Rosetrees Trust, Pears Foundation.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 pandemic waves and risk of congenital anomalies in the State of Sao Paulo: a population-based cohort study.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Objectives To assess how the COVID outbreak in Brazil might have impacted birth defects State of São Paulo. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting The Paulo, Brazil. Population Births between 2017 and 2022. Methods Exposure was determined by midpoint first trimester. We used a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution log link, clustered robust standard errors. Municipality for clustering. Main Outcome Measures Relative Risk (RR) any congenital anomaly per each anatomical site. Results There were 2,961,741 cases analysis. RR anomalies 0.97 wave (95% CI: 0.95-1.00, p = 0.029) due to decrease respiratory, genitourinary central nervous system defects, pattern previously associated fever-induced anomalies. During third wave, there an 1.08 1.04-1.13, < 0.001), increase cleft lip palate, digestive circulatory just as severe food insecurity rose. No change risk identified during second when both vaccines introduced sales ivermectin hydroxychloroquine spiked. Conclusions COVID-19 differently wave. Considering concurrent conditions provide insight into underlying causes this phenomenon. true burden pregnant individuals supply chain disruption, which is also threatened climate change, not yet be fully recognized.

Language: Английский

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Dynamical systems analysis of a reaction-diffusion SIRS model with optimal control for the COVID-19 spread

Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 18

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

We examine an SIRS reaction-diffusion model with local dispersal and spatial heterogeneity to study COVID-19 dynamics. Using the operator semigroup approach, we establish existence of disease-free equilibrium (DFE) endemic (EE), derive basic reproduction number,

Language: Английский

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