Predicting probabilities of late summer surface flow presence in a glaciated mountainous headwater region

Hydrological Processes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(2)

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Abstract Accurate mapping of streams that maintain surface flow during annual baseflow periods in mountain headwater is important for informing water availability human consumption and a fundamental determinant in‐channel conditions stream‐dwelling organisms. Yet accurate captures local spatial variability associated controls on presence limited. An empirical random‐forest model was developed to predict streamflow permanence (late summer surface‐flow presence) Mount Rainier National Park the surrounding mountainous area western Washington, USA. This improve upon existing multi‐state, regional‐scale probability stream greater Pacific Northwest Region (PROSPER PNW ). The trained 544 wet/dry observations collected late summer, period from 2018 2020 using crowd‐source mobile application, FLOwPER. Final accuracy 0.74 with drainage covariates describing geology, topography, land cover as top predictors compared coarser resolution climatic covariates. prevalence static over ranked highlights importance scale when evaluating permanence. Cross validation indicates probabilities this an improvement PROSPER demonstrating utility relatively simple, crowd‐sourced data address resource needs, determination influenced by temporal analysis.

Language: Английский

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Solute export patterns across the contiguous USA

Hydrological Processes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Understanding controls on solute export to streams is challenging because heterogeneous catchments can respond uniquely drivers of environmental change. To understand general patterns, we used a large‐scale inductive approach evaluate concentration–discharge (C–Q) metrics across spanning broad range catchment attributes and hydroclimatic drivers. We leveraged paired C–Q data for 11 solutes from CAMELS‐Chem, database built upon an existing dataset relatively undisturbed the contiguous USA. Because relationships with Q thresholds reflect shift in dynamics are poorly characterized diverse catchments, analysed using Bayesian segmented regression quantify relationship. Threshold responses were rare, representing only 12% relationships, 56% which occurred predominantly sourced bedrock. Further, dominated by one or two patterns that reflected vertical solute–source distributions. Specifically, bedrock had diluting 43%–70% soils more enrichment 35%–51% catchments. also linked patterns. The generally weak despite diversity attribute types considered. However, central USA typically drove most divergent behaviour solutes. illustrate how our generated new hypotheses be tested at discrete, representative deductive approaches better processes underlying Finally, given these long‐term minimally disturbed findings as benchmarks change

Language: Английский

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Snow drought reduces water transit times in headwater streams

Hydrological Processes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(12)

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Abstract Knowledge of water transit times through watersheds is fundamental to understand hydrological and biogeochemical processes. However, its prediction still elusive, particularly in mountainous terrain where physiography precipitation change over short distances. In addition, much remains be studied about the impact climate on time as it continues form terrain. Water isotopic ratios were used evaluate mean (MTT) young fractions () seven small western Oregon 2014–2018 period that included a major regional snow drought 2015. The MTT was shorter 2015 across all compared any other year while larger than year. observed could related low connectivity between surface older ground which resulted homogenous hydrologic response investigated despite their physiographical differences. 2016–2018 vary widely but especially within smaller high elevation indicating stronger for systems depend heavily snowmelt inputs. During relatively wet/cold years intrinsic watershed characteristics such drainage area roughness explained some variability metrics watersheds. Shorter during have implications quality solute concentrations processes are controlled part by resides interacts subsurface. Although appears short‐lived these results critical considering expected snowpack decline warms United States.

Language: Английский

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Calibration of groundwater seepage against the spatial distribution of the stream network to assess catchment-scale hydraulic properties

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(17), P. 3221 - 3239

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Abstract. The assessment of effective hydraulic properties at the catchment scale, i.e., conductivity (K) and transmissivity (T), is particularly challenging due to sparse availability hydrological monitoring systems through stream gauges boreholes. To overcome this challenge, we propose a calibration methodology which only considers information from digital elevation model (DEM) spatial distribution network. built on assumption that groundwater system main driver controlling density extension, where perennial network reflects intersection table with topography. Indeed, seepage surface primarily controlled by topography, aquifer thickness dimensionless parameter K/R, R average recharge rate. Here, use process-based parsimonious 3D flow calibrate K/R minimizing relative distances between observed simulated generated zones. By deploying in 24 selected headwater catchments located northwestern France, demonstrate method successfully predicts extent for 80 % cases. Results show high sensitivity extension low-order streams limited impacts DEM resolution as long remains consistent observations. assuming an rate, found K values vary 1.0×10-5 1.1×10-4 m s−1, agreement local estimates derived tests independent calibrated model. With emergence global remote-sensing databases compiling high-resolution networks, approach provides new opportunities assess unconfined aquifers ungauged basins.

Language: Английский

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Diel temperature signals track seasonal shifts in localized groundwater contributions to headwater streamflow generation at network scale

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 639, P. 131528 - 131528

Published: June 16, 2024

Groundwater contributions to streamflow sustain aquatic ecosystem resilience; streams without significant groundwater inputs often have well-coupled air and water temperatures that degrade cold-water habitat during warm low flow periods. Widespread uncertainty in stream-groundwater connectivity across space time has created disparate predictions of energy nutrient fluxes headwater networks, hindering resilience under climate change scenarios. Recently, annual paired temperature signals been harnessed indicate stream thermal sensitivity the dominance deep versus shallow influence, although utility diel air–water signal metrics for hydrologic inference remained unexplored. Here we analyzed two consecutive years locally paired, data from 47 sites Catskill Mountains, New York, USA, discovered characteristic seasonal patterns sinusoid (amplitude ratio, phase lag, mean ratio) driven by shifts generation mechanisms network position. Hydrologic interpretations observed were supported heat budget model scenarios additional analysis Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, with well characterized connectivity. We found within smaller tributaries, transitions runoff hillslope drying periods lower precipitation. This was evidenced correlations (p < 0.01) between daily water:air amplitudes (non-linear decreases ∼ 50 %) derived base-flow index at 22 28 sites, indicating enhanced local influence on promotes decoupling signals. Additionally, ratios means tributaries (∼0.68) when compared main-stem (∼0.8) increasing linearly throughout observational period. In conceptual models, inflow had minimal effects lags (∼0.2 hr), but increases fractional discharge (0–50 depressed amplitude (∼20 % (∼15 %), supporting interpreted changes streamflow. During (i.e., April through October 2021 2022), differences tributary occurred highest (∼0.93 vs. 0.68), as dominated channel inertia, rather than connectivity, showing coupling warmer, drier Divergent being distance source zones, lateral inflows do not contribute a meaningful fraction network. Given growing footprint observations, can provide distributed sensitive upstream discharge. Consequently, these support ongoing efforts resource managers researchers seeking forecast warming changing precipitation regimes mountain streams.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of stream drying depend on stream network size and location of drying

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: July 15, 2024

Stream drying is increasing globally, with widespread impacts on stream ecosystems. Here, we investigated how the of ecosystem connectivity might depend network size and location within network. Using 11 networks from across United States, simulated scenarios in which varied spatial extent drying. We found that rate loss size, such larger lost more rapidly than smaller networks. also When occurred mainstem, even small amounts resulted rapid losses connectivity. headwater reaches, had little impact Beyond a certain threshold, however, declined further increases Given worldwide, our findings underscore need for managers to be particularly vigilant about fragmentation when managing at large scales occurs mainstem reaches.

Language: Английский

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Predictions and drivers of sub-reach-scale annual streamflow permanence for the upper Missouri River basin: 1989–2018

Journal of Hydrology X, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17, P. 100138 - 100138

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

The presence of year-round surface water in streams (i.e., streamflow permanence) is an important factor for identifying aquatic habitat availability, determining the regulatory status streams, managing land use change, allocating resources, and designing scientific studies. However, accurate, high resolution, dynamic prediction permanence that accounts year-to-year variability at a regional extent major gap modeling capability. Herein, we expand adapt U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) PRObability Streamflow PERmanence (PROSPER) model from its original implementation Pacific Northwest (PROSPERPNW) to upper Missouri River basin (PROSPERUM), geographical region includes mountain prairie ecosystems northern United States. PROSPERUM empirical used estimate probability stream channel has flow response climatic conditions (monthly annual) static physiographic predictor variables upstream basin. structure approach are generally consistent with PROSPERPNW but include improved spatial resolution (10 m) longer period. Average accuracy was 81 %. Drainage area, proportion as wetlands, developed cover were most variables. identifies decreases during climatically drier years, although there magnitude across basins highlighting geographically varying sensitivity drought. Variability perennial drought among study area also observed.

Language: Английский

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Non-perennial stream networks as directed acyclic graphs: The R-package streamDAG

Environmental Modelling & Software, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 105775 - 105775

Published: July 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Evapotranspiration and groundwater inputs control the timing of diel cycling of stream drying during low-flow periods

Frontiers in Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Geologic, geomorphic, and climatic factors have been hypothesized to influence where streams dry, but hydrologists struggle explain the temporal drivers of drying. Few isolated role that vegetation plays in controlling timing location stream drying headwater streams. We present a distributed, fine-scale water balance through seasonal recession onset by combining spatiotemporal observations modeling flow presence/absence, evapotranspiration, groundwater inputs. Surface presence/absence was collected at fine spatial (~80 m) (15-min) scales 25 locations southwestern Idaho, USA. Evapotranspiration losses were modeled same using Simultaneous Heat Water (SHAW) model. Groundwater inputs estimated four mixing model approach. In addition, we compared high-frequency, fine-resolution riparian normalized difference index (NDVI) with status. found wetted dried on daily basis before seasonally drying, occurred when evapotranspiration outputs exceeded inputs, typically during hours peak evapotranspiration. Riparian NDVI decreased dried, ~2-week lag between response. Stream diel cycles reflect balance, may improve predictions for groundwater-supported

Language: Английский

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Changes in flowing drainage network and stream chemistry during rainfall events for two pre-Alpine catchments

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract. Many headwater catchments embed non-perennial streams that flow only during wet conditions or in response to rainfall events. The onset and cessation of results a dynamic stream network periodically expands contracts. can flush sediment nutrients from previously dry streambeds enhance carbon processing rates. expansion the flowing drainage also increases hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes because it decreases travel distances stream. However, datasets on dynamics events short-term changes chemistry are rare. This limits our interpretation hydrological processes Here, we present joint hourly measurements solute concentrations stable isotopes precipitation streamflow at outlets two 5-ha Swiss pre-Alps seven rainfall-runoff snow-free season 2021. Relevant samples were collected soil- groundwater across before after In addition, 10-min frequency information was length. We used these synoptic infer dominant runoff-generating mechanisms for experimental catchments. Despite their proximity similar size, soil bedrock features, proved very different flatter catchment (average slope: 15°), more expanded rapidly, up 10-fold, while steeper 24°), remained relatively (only 2-fold change). event water contributions higher catchment. dilution calcium time rapid increase discharge suggested contribution falling directly channels is important, especially smaller conditions. conditions, unchanneled areas must have contributed as well. endowed with network, “first flush” nitrate detectable, possibly attributed transport material segments. characterized by such not observed decreased, suggesting enhanced riparian reducing Our study highlights large differences observable chemical responses neighboring, nearly equal-size but shows value fine-scale observations both channel fully understand runoff generation mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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