Soil pore structure and its research methods: A review

Soil and Water Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 1 - 24

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Soil pore is an important part of soil structure. According to the causes formation, pores can be divided into biological formed by animal movement and plant root development non-biological dry-wet freeze-thaw alternation or artificial tillage. The structure affects migration water, gas, nutrients so on in soil, especially macropores also produce water solute preferential migration. Studying great significance for predicting hydraulic properties, reducing groundwater pollution nutrient loss. Based previous studies structure, this paper systematically summarized role pores, influencing factors advantages disadvantages various research methods. This not only introduces traditional methods (including direct indirect methods), but summarizes new combined with computed tomography (CT) technology other science recent years. Finally, prospect trend future were predicted, as provide reference further

Language: Английский

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Land Use Effects on Organic Carbon in Andean Volcanic Ash Soils

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Both organic carbon (OC) stocks and labile OC (LOC) fractions are important indicators of soil health sensitive to land use change. Aims To study the effects change on these in montane volcanic ash soils, a transect was surveyed northern Ecuador. Methods Samples were collected from 0–30, 30–60, 60–90 cm depth at two agricultural sites with different time cultivation three natural vegetation (tropical alpine grassland, páramo). LOC determined as cold hot water extractable (CWEOC HWEOC). Molar absorptivity 254 nm extracts qualitative measure. Results Total high páramo (51.3–60.2 kg C m −3 ) younger site (50.8 ; 20 years cultivation), but significantly lower (30.1 older (at least 100 cultivation); CWEOC (0.1%–0.7%) HWEOC (0.6%–4.1%) represented only small part OC. pools decreased increasing time, reflecting short‐term long‐term effects. In contrast, molar highest oldest (198–307 L mol −1 vs. 36–64 other sites), indicating that easily degradable depleted leaving compounds higher aromaticity. Conclusions The conversion into negatively affects health, indicated by reduced storage capacities contents.

Language: Английский

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Towards Interpreting Machine‐Learning Models for Multi‐Step Ahead Daily Streamflow Forecasting

Hydrological Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Streamflow forecasting using interpretable machine learning methods (MLs) for exploring runoff processes has received a lot of attention. However, multi‐step ahead daily streamflow considering antecedent as an input various MLs is very limited. Thus, three in the Huaihe River basin China during 2002–2020, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), long short‐term memory neural network (LSTM) and convolutional (CNN) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method, were implemented to study role potential controlling factors, streamflow, soil moisture vegetation growth, at lead times 0–6 days. The performances decreased times. Specifically, LSTM model performed best 0–3 days, followed by CNN XGBoost. was superior XGBoost models when time greater than 3 optimal 0.71–0.97, 311.45–674.27 m /s, 0.84–0.97 0.75–0.97 according Nash‐Sutclife efficiency, root‐mean‐square error, correlation coefficient Kling‐Gupta respectively. results varied across different consistently dominated processes, particularly models. significant depth 28–100 cm leaf area index low gradually emerged increased models, even outranking importance streamflow. Furthermore, interpretability demonstrated validated through infiltration uncertainty analysis. Overall, great enhance our understanding basin‐scale processes.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the effect of vegetation type and topography on infiltration process in an arid mountainous area: Insights from continuous soil moisture monitoring network

Agricultural Water Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 315, P. 109537 - 109537

Published: May 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Soil–vegetation–water interactions controlling solute flow and chemical weathering in volcanic ash soils of the high Andes

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 1507 - 1529

Published: April 11, 2023

Abstract. Vegetation plays a key role in the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. It can influence soil water fluxes transport, which are critical for chemical weathering development. In this study, we investigated balance solute two profiles with different vegetation types (cushion-forming plants vs. tussock grasses) high Ecuadorian Andes by measuring content, flux, concentrations modeling hydrology. We also analyzed of weathering. The on is restricted to A horizon. Evapotranspiration 1.7 times higher deep drainage 3 lower under cushion-forming than grass. Likewise, cushions transmit about 2-fold less from horizons. This attributed retention saturated hydraulic conductivity associated shallower coarser root system. Under plants, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) metals (Al, Fe) mobilized Solute that be related plant nutrient uptake (Mg, Ca, K) decline depth, as expected biocycling nutrients. Dissolved silica bicarbonate minimally influenced represent largest contributions fluxes. Soil constant depth below grasses but declining plants. difference mainly Our findings reveal modify properties uppermost horizon, altering balance, fluxes, throughout profile.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Slope Stability with Different Vegetation Types under the Influence of Rainfall

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1865 - 1865

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Rainfall-prone shallow landslides account for one-fifth of the global land area, and rainfall is critical to mechanics hydrology slopes. In typical geological disaster-prone areas, hydrodynamic responses slopes with different vegetation types under conditions require further study. The purpose this study was analyze hydraulic stability soils their effects on slope stability. Thus, soil–water characteristic curves water-stable aggregate characteristics three were analyzed. A two-dimensional finite element model used simulate extreme environments durations. results showed that matric suction soil trees less affected by a better aggregates than shrubs grass. plastic strain cloud map maximum occurred at toe slope. addition, potential slip depth smaller Under two durations, factor safety (FoS) changed 0.06, whereas grass 0.1. findings provide valuable insights into changes in varying conditions. It great significance scientific basis application ecological measures prevention control mountain disasters guide implementation appropriate management measures.

Language: Английский

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The Ecuadorian paramo in danger: What we know and what might be learned from northern wetlands

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47, P. e02639 - e02639

Published: Sept. 17, 2023

The Paramo is a heterogeneous array of High Andean Mountain ecosystems above the tree line at elevations between 2800 and 5000 meters. It unites characteristics mountain with those wetlands, both which are highly important in context global warming. considered region highest diversification rate on earth, capable storing equally large amounts soil organic carbon vast quantities water, forming wetlands within paramo region, crucial for sustainability downslope human settlements. These have attracted great scientific interest leading to an increase publications, especially last decade. Nevertheless, paramos diversity, difficult topology, latitudinal extension, location developing countries, lack historical data regarding monitoring characteristics, dynamics hydrology, climatic conditions still cause gap knowledge necessary estimate future climate change impacts, potential loss ecosystem services mitigation strategies. Substantial parts its unique structure seriously threatened disappear before we discover all secrets. Human intervention due upslope shift agricultural activity, cattle farming, hunting, wildfires devastated landscapes. However, biggest threat, change, early phase manifestation. In this context, present review aims summarize Ecuadorian special emphasis flooded floodable areas, analyze what known about principal threats their impact, finally try compare research northern identify discuss gaps that remain be filled.

Language: Английский

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Vegetation patterns associated with nutrient availability and supply in high-elevation tropical Andean ecosystems

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 3075 - 3091

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract. Plants absorb nutrients and water through their roots modulate soil biogeochemical cycles. The mechanisms of nutrient uptake by plants depend on climatic edaphic conditions, as well the plant root system. Soil solution is medium in which abiotic biotic processes exchange nutrients, concentrations vary with abundance reactive minerals fluid residence times. High-altitude ecosystems tropical Andes are interesting for study association between vegetation, hydrology, mineral availability at landscape scale different reasons. First all, because low rock-derived stocks intensely weathered volcanic soils, biocycling essential expected to be important acquisition. Second, ecosystem characterized strong spatial patterns vegetation type density hence optimal soil-water–vegetation interactions. Third, area high carbon but rates organic decomposition that might development, geochemistry, all interconnected vegetation. páramo forms a mosaic bunch grasses, cushion-forming plants, forests. In nutrient-depleted nonallophanic Andosols, rooting depth varies drainage moisture conditions. Rooting depths were shallower seasonally waterlogged soils under cushion deeper well-drained forest tussock grasses (>100 cm). Vegetation composition relevant indicator solutions. solute chemistry revealed plant-available not mimicking distribution total nor exchangeable pool clearly resulted from cations removal or deep leaching. Soils showed Ca, Mg, Na about 3 times higher than grasses. Differences even stronger dissolved Si 16 6 Amongst macronutrients derived lithogenic sources, P was limiting very (<1 µM) three types. contrast K greater values 2 Our findings have implications future management Andean where distributions dynamically changing result warming temperatures land use change. Such alterations may lead only changes hydrology geochemistry also complex weathering export downstream effects rivers high-mountain lakes.

Language: Английский

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Delineation of water flow paths in a tropical Andean headwater catchment with deep soils and permeable bedrock

Hydrological Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Abstract Traditional hydrometric data combined with environmental tracers such as water stable isotopes contributes to improve the understanding of catchment hydrology. Nevertheless, application isotopic in headwater catchments tropical Andes deep soils and permeable parent material influenced by recent volcanism remains limited. In this study, composition precipitation, soil water, wetlands, streamflow was studied provide insights into hydrology a small Andean volcanic soils, ash layers, fractured bedrock resulting from Holocene activity. Although local precipitation forms under equilibrium conditions, is atmospheric moisture recycling processes. The spatial temporal variability signals analysis inverse transit time proxies (ITTPs) surface (streamflow) subsurface (soil wetlands) waters indicate that vertical flow paths through are dominant across catchment. strongly damped these points high wetlands storage, increasing or age stream hydrological system. These findings mobilizing paths–that is, cracks volcanism–is main contributor generation. Comparison previously published work other areas shows diversity conditions can be found result pedological lithological differences shaped Therefore, site‐specific strategies may needed resources management.

Language: Английский

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Contribution of soil matric suction on slope stability under different vegetation types

Journal of Soils and Sediments, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 575 - 588

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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