Resolving Scaling Issues in Self‐Assembled Monolayer‐Based Perovskite Solar Modules via Additive Engineering

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Abstract Molecular self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), anchored on a transparent conductive oxide, serve as class of effective hole‐selective contacts in high‐performance lab‐scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, scaling these SAM‐based PSCs to large‐area modules introduces challenges, such the de‐wetting ink glass around P1 scribe zones—a part module design – which compromises film uniformity and reproducibility. To overcome coverage anomalies, study incorporates 1,3‐dimethyl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2(1H)‐pyrimidinone (DMPU) into SAM solution, enhancing interaction between improving wettability. The approach leads fabrication wide‐bandgap (1.67 eV) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up 22.4% for small‐area devices (0.057 cm 2 ) 20% mini‐modules (9.8 high Additionally, target demonstrate enhanced photostability, maintaining 80% their initial PCE after 490 hours maximum point tracking under continuous 1‐sun illumination. This identifies key challenges presents promising strategy fabricating scalable modules.

Language: Английский

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Charge Carrier Dynamics at the Perovskite Interface with Self-Assembled Monolayers

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(43), P. 59477 - 59487

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited on the hole-collecting electrodes of p-i-n perovskite solar cells effectively replace bulky hole transporting layers. However, mechanism by which control electronic processes and how they depend properties monolayer molecules remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a simplified cell imitator with blocked electron extraction to investigate photocurrent dynamics between ITO electrode. We investigated photoluminescence photovoltage under short laser pulse excitation addressed influence monomolecular transport Our findings reveal that is significantly affected layers, in turn methods sample preparation exploration. Photocurrent determined several processes, including charge carrier displacement local electric field, ITO, trapping holes interface trap states, electron-hole recombination at interface. propose model takes into account molecular dipole moments their ionization potentials partially explain different influences interfacial rates. Additionally, also strongly depends illumination shows memory effects persist over minutes hours are attributed redistribution ions.

Language: Английский

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Advancing High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells with Carbazole‐Modified 2PACz for Scalable Large‐Area Fabrication

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(11)

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Abstract The self‐assembling molecule 2PACz tends to aggregate in thin films, which negatively impacts the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) when used as a hole‐transporting layer (HTL), particularly large‐area devices. To overcome this, binary conjugated molecular system incorporating carbazole (Cz), shares similar backbone with 2PACz, is introduced. Despite strong aggregation tendencies and Cz individually, their blend forms homogeneous films due hydrogen bonding interactions between two molecules. These suppress aggregation, resulting smooth well‐ordered films. Devices modified HTL show significantly enhanced charge transfer, achieving power conversion efficiency (PCE) 20.10%, fill factor 80.3%, short‐circuit current 28.98 mA cm − 2 , outperforming those unmodified 2PACz. Large‐area devices (1.0 ) achieve record‐high PCE 18.56% retention rate 92.7%, compared 43% for findings highlight potential carbazole‐modified improve both stability OSCs, offering promising strategy high‐performance development.

Language: Английский

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Simple I‐Shaped Aryl‐Based Dyes for Tin Perovskite Solar Cells with Selenophene Core Moiety as Self‐Assembled Monolayers on NiOx Using Two‐Step Fabrication

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

Abstract Six novel organic small molecules, TPA‐Sp‐PA ( 1 ), TPA‐Sp‐PE 1E TPA‐T‐PA 2 TPA‐T‐PE 2E TPA‐P‐PA 3 ) and TPA‐P‐PE 3E are developed applied to NiOx films as self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) for tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). The linker between acceptor (phosphonic acid (PA) or phosphonic ester (PE)) donor (triphenylamine (TPA)) plays an important role in facilitating the growth of high‐quality using a two‐step method. Three different types linkers, phenyl ring (P), thiophene (T), selenophene (Sp), studied, which Sp‐based SAMs provide best device performance with achieving PCE 8.7%, its acidic analog, reaching maximum 8.3%. Single crystal structures successfully obtained, expectation that uniform SAM would form on NiOx/ITO substrate. research introduces approach enhance TPSC by integrating HTMs, offering promising avenue future progress technology through fabrication technique.

Language: Английский

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Surface Chemical Conversion of Residual PbI₂ Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells by 1,3‐Diphenyl‐benzimidazolium Iodide Treatment

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Abstract Perovskite films have long been plagued by defects, mainly located at grain boundaries, leading to device degradation, especially the effects of residual PbI 2 . As effective boundary passivators, organic ammonium salts are thus extensively investigated. Here, study introduces a nitrogen heterocyclic molecule, 1,3‐diphenyl‐benzimidazole iodide (DBI), for post‐treatment perovskite film construct robust one‐dimensional (1D)/three‐dimensional (3D) structure. The 1D structure DBPbI 3 formed from interaction between and DBI enables repair local defects enhancement stability. Concurrently, double conjugated benzene imidazole rings synergistically facilitate charge transfer promote optimization energy levels, thereby boosting extraction. corresponding 1D/3D solar cells (PSCs) yielded high efficiency 25.04% with excellent photo/thermal stabilities. module exhibited an 21.04% total area 36 cm long‐term

Language: Английский

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MA-Free Lead–Tin Perovskites for All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 110926 - 110926

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Synergistic Improvement of Structural Ordering and Interface Binding of Hole Transport Monolayer for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Abstract The widespread application of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) hole transport materials has driven rapid advancements in the performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, difficulty achieving a highly ordered SAM for and weak binding strength between layer not only leads to defective bottom interface but also reduces compatibility with large‐area device fabrication. In this work, co‐assembled molecule functionalized diamide terminal group is demonstrated that able form supramolecular interaction popular carbazole‐based SAMs regulating their structural ordering, improve chemical bonding Pb‐I frameworks synergistically, which enables efficient long‐term stable PSCs. As result, target contributes champion small‐area power conversion efficiency (PCE) 25.3% (certified 25.0%), demonstrates good fabrication by reproducible performances 1.02 cm 2 devices. encapsulated devices exhibit stability 92.8% 91.2% initial PCE after 1500 hours aging under 85 °C maximum point (MPP) tracking at 65 hours, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Vacuum Processability of Self-Assembled Monolayers and Their Chemical Interaction with Perovskite Interfaces

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 1782 - 1782

Published: April 2, 2025

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have gained significant attention as an interfacial engineering strategy for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their efficient charge transport ability and work function tunability. While solution-based methods such dip-coating spin-coating are widely used SAM deposition, challenges non-uniform coverage, solvent contamination, limited control over molecular orientation hinder scalability reproducibility. In contrast, vacuum deposition techniques, including thermal evaporation, overcome these limitations by enabling the formation of highly uniform materials with precise thickness arrangement. Importantly, chemical interactions between layers, coordination bonding Pb2+ ions, play important role in passivating surface defects, modulating energy levels, promoting crystallization. These not only enhance wettability but also improve overall quality stability films. This review highlights advantages vacuum-deposited SAMs, strong layers improving properties critical scalable applications.

Language: Английский

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Scalable Impregnation Method for Preparing a Self-Assembled Monolayer in High-Performance Vapor-Deposited Lead-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted lead-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via vapor deposition has undergone significant enhancement through the incorporation a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) serving as hole transport layer. To achieve high-performance PSCs, SAM layer needs to maintain dense and high-coverage configuration during fabrication process. Our investigation revealed that solid-vapor reaction, conditions high temperature low pressure can potentially lead migration molecules, particularly those adsorbed on surface but have not yet formed covalent bonds. In this study, overcome limitation, we developed an impregnation process for mixed molecules with (4-(7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazol-7-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (4PADCB) glycine hydrochloride (GH), which reduces agglomeration enhances their strong anchoring ability substrate, thereby maintaining extremely coverage rate even in high-temperature low-pressure environment reactions. Consequently, champion efficiencies 22.15% (0.16 cm2) 19.18% (5 cm × 5 module) are achieved, is highest record PSCs based deposition. Moreover, advantages reusability, good uniformity, cost, very broad commercial prospects.

Language: Английский

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Buried Interfacial Modification and Light Management for Self‐Assembled Molecules–Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Solar RRL, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

For self‐assembled molecule (SAM)‐based inverted perovskite solar cell, the buried interface (SAM/perovskite interface) significantly determines overall efficiency and stability of device, which requires meticulous modulation. In this work, a series phthalimide derivatives (namely 4‐(1,3‐dioxoisoindolin‐2‐yl)butan‐1‐ammonium iodide [DBAI], 2‐(1,3‐dioxoisoindolin‐2‐yl)ethan‐1‐ammonium [DEAI], 6‐(1,3‐dioxoisoindolin‐2‐yl)hexan‐1‐ammonium [DHAI]) are developed as interfacial modification materials to improve surface homogeneity, optimize morphology, passivate defect sites. Among them, DHAI with longest alkyl chain outperforms others, is attributed steric electronic effect molecular structure. Intriguingly, these can introduce ‘island‐like’ morphology on hole‐selective layer, boosts transmittance absorption, resulting in substantially enhanced short‐circuit density power conversion 24.71%. These findings reveal structure–property–performance relationship propose novel strategy for light management at interface.

Language: Английский

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