The relationship between COVID‐19 viral load and disease severity: A systematic review

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

Abstract Introduction Patients with COVID‐19 may present different viral loads levels. However, the relationship between load and disease severity in is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review association SARS‐CoV‐2 severity. Methods The relevant studies using keywords of “COVID‐19” “viral load” were searched databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web Science. A two‐step title/abstract screening process was carried out eligible included study. Results Thirty‐four from initial 1015 records. vast majority have utilized real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction nasopharyngeal/respiratory swabs report load. Viral commonly reported either as cycle threshold ( C t ) or log 10 RNA copies/ml. Conclusion results inconclusive about load, a similar number approved opposed hypothesis. denote direct older age higher which known risk factor for mortality. patients serve mechanism any possible relationships There positive correlation its transmissibility. Nonetheless, further are recommended precisely characterize matter.

Language: Английский

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The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on service delivery and treatment outcomes in people living with HIV: a systematic review

AIDS Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 epidemic and various control mitigation measures to combat the widespread outbreak of disease may affect other parts health care systems. There is a concern that pandemic could disrupt HIV services. Therefore, this study aimed systematically evaluate effect on service delivery treatment outcomes in people with HIV. Methods In study, systematic search was conducted using keywords online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web Science, Cochrane databases. retrieved articles underwent two-step title/abstract full-text review process, eligible papers were selected included qualitative synthesis. Result We 16 studies out 529 records met inclusion criteria for review. Study populations either HIV-positive patients or clinics healthcare providers. Most focused adhering obtaining medication attending clinical appointments their decrement during pandemic. Other aspects (alternative settings, viral suppression, psychological care, etc.) discussed lesser extent by studies. Conclusion Interruption in-person visits medical follow-up services, loss adherence treatment, subsequent increase mortality due complications PLHIV have led growing concerns. challenges disorders such as anxiety depression, an substance abuse, rise experienced stigma discrimination. However, use telemedicine some countries helps alleviate situation recommended similar settings future.

Language: Английский

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Long-term interplay between COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease

International Urology and Nephrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(8), P. 1977 - 1984

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Integrated multi-omics analyses identify anti-viral host factors and pathways controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Host anti-viral factors are essential for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection but remain largely unknown due to the biases of previous large-scale studies toward pro-viral host factors. To fill in this knowledge gap, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR dropout screen and integrate analyses multi-omics data screen, association studies, single-cell RNA-Seq, host-virus proteins or protein/RNA interactome. This study uncovers many that currently underappreciated, including components V-ATPases, ESCRT, N-glycosylation pathways modulate viral entry and/or replication. The cohesin complex is also identified as an pathway, suggesting important role three-dimensional chromatin organization mediating host-viral interaction. Furthermore, discover another regulator KLF5, transcriptional factor involved sphingolipid metabolism, which up-regulated, harbors genetic variations linked COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. Anti-viral effects three candidates (DAZAP2/VTA1/KLF5) confirmed individually. Molecular characterization DAZAP2/VTA1/KLF5-knockout cells highlights involvement genes related coagulation system determining severity COVID-19. Together, our results provide further resources understanding network during may help develop new countermeasure strategies.

Language: Английский

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Sensing of SARS-CoV-2 by pDCs and their subsequent production of IFN-I contribute to macrophage-induced cytokine storm during COVID-19

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(75)

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

Lung-infiltrating macrophages create a marked inflammatory milieu in subset of patients with COVID-19 by producing cytokine storm, which correlates increased lethality. However, these are largely not infected SARS-CoV-2, so the mechanism underlying their activation lung is unclear. Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to protecting host against SARS-CoV-2 but may also have some deleterious effect, and source IFN-I lungs well defined. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), key cell type involved antiviral responses, can produce response SARS-CoV-2. We observed infiltration pDCs SARS-CoV-2–infected patients, correlated strong signaling macrophages. In severe COVID-19, expressed robust signature, persistent at single-cell level. Hence, we uncoupling kinetics associated storm that were dominant IFN-α–producing virus blood, whereas produced IFN-α only when physical contact epithelial cells. showed pDCs, after sensing TLR7, mediated changes both transcriptional epigenetic levels, favored hyperactivation environmental stimuli. Together, data indicate priming result from leading macrophage COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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The Association of Baseline Plasma SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antigen Level and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175(10), P. 1401 - 1410

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

Background: Levels of plasma SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen may be an important biomarker in patients with COVID-19 and enhance our understanding the pathogenesis COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate whether levels can predict short-term clinical outcomes identify viral factors associated hospitalized SARS-CoV-2. Design: Cross-sectional study baseline level from 2540 participants enrolled TICO (Therapeutics for Inpatients With COVID-19) platform trial August 2020 to November 2021, additional data on day 5 outcome time discharge. Setting: 114 centers 10 countries. Participants: Adults acute infection 12 days or less symptoms. Measurements: Baseline N was measured at a central laboratory. Delta variant status determined nasal swabs using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Associations between patient characteristics were assessed both unadjusted multivariable modeling. Association elevated 1000 ng/L greater outcomes, including worsening ordinal pulmonary scale hospital discharge, evaluated logistic regression Fine–Gray models, respectively. Results: Plasma below quantification 5% enrollment, 57%. severity illness strongly level, mean 3.10-fold higher among those requiring noninvasive ventilation high-flow cannula compared room air (95% CI, 2.22 4.34). who lacked antispike antibodies (6.42 fold; 5.37 7.66) (1.73 1.41 2.13). Additional included male sex, shorter since admission, decreased remdesivir, renal impairment. In contrast, race, ethnicity, body mass index, immunocompromising conditions not levels. markedly odds worsened (odds ratio, 5.06 [CI, 3.41 7.50]) longer discharge (median, 7 vs. 4 days; subhazard 0.51 0.45 0.57]), ratios similar across all severity. Limitations: samples drawn presentation. No point-of-care test measure is currently available. Conclusion: Elevated highly clinically outcomes. Multiple are These support potential role ongoing replication patients. Primary Funding Source: U.S. government Operation Warp Speed National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases.

Language: Английский

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An AIEgen/graphene oxide nanocomposite (AIEgen@GO)‐based two‐stage “turn‐on” nucleic acid biosensor for rapid detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral sequence

Aggregate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: April 11, 2022

Abstract The ongoing outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has posed significant challenges in early viral diagnosis. Hence, it is urgently desirable to develop a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive method aid point‐of‐care SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. In this work, we report highly sequence‐specific biosensor based on nanocomposites with aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgen)‐labeled oligonucleotide probes graphene oxide nanosheets (AIEgen@GO) for one step‐detection SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific nucleic acid sequences ( Orf1ab or N genes). A dual “turn‐on” mechanism AIEgen@GO was established acids Here, the first‐stage fluorescence recovery due dissociation AIEgen from GO surface presence target acid, second‐stage enhancement AIE‐based fluorescent signal formation duplex restrict intramolecular rotation AIEgen. Furthermore, feasibility our platform diagnostic application demonstrated by detecting virus plasmids containing both genes rapid detection around 1 h good sensitivity at pM level without amplification. Our shows great promise assisting initial sequence before utilizing quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction second confirmation.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 mortality in patients with immunodeficiency and its predictors: a systematic review

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Oct. 8, 2022

Abstract Introduction Patients with immunodeficiency are usually more prone to worse outcomes of infectious diseases. However, there some disagreements in the context COVID-19, for example, patients human virus (HIV). Herein, we aimed systematically review risk and predictors COVID-19 mortality people primary or secondary immunodeficiency. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Science Direct were searched. We followed a two-step screening process identify eligible results. first reviewed title abstract records unqualified studies removed. Then, their full texts evaluated based on coherence purpose inclusion/exclusion criteria, those qualitative synthesis included. Results Twenty-two articles included, which investigated total 109,326 immunodeficiencies. Three pediatric infant population, while other conducted adult population. Overall, both conflicted as reported higher mentioned lower rates Conclusions two points view types The is classical viewpoint that all immunodeficient at infection leading rate. second found might play less important even an inverse role by lowering severity inflammatory response. it take note comorbidities, such DM, HTN, CAD, ESRD, history respiratory infection, etc., demographic factors, obesity age > 70 years, they appear influence rate, especially

Language: Английский

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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 144 - 158

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- vaccine-induced immune responses the context this pathogen. B-cell antibody are at center these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) an important correlate protection (COP) from infection primary target SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype subtype composition, presence mucosal sites have become topics for scientists health policy makers. recent pandemic was still is a unique setting which study de novo memory (MBC) dynamic interplay immunity. It also provided opportunity explore new platforms, such mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with technological advances years, situation has detailed mechanistic insights into development but revealed some unexpected findings. review, we summarize key findings last 2.5 years regarding immunity, believe significant value not only future vaccination approaches endemic settings.

Language: Английский

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TMPRSS2 polymorphism (rs12329760) and the severity of the COVID-19 in Iranian population

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. e0281750 - e0281750

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the recent pandemic since early 2020. Due to wide range of clinical symptoms this disease, from asymptomatic severe and critical forms, it seems that genetic differences among patients, along with other factors (such as gender, age, underlying diseases), can explain part variation in disease symptoms. The TMPRSS2 enzyme plays a vital role stages interaction SARS-CoV-2 host cells by facilitating viral entry. There is polymorphism gene, called rs12329760(C T) missense variant, which causes replacement valine methionine protein at position 160. present study investigated association between genotype severity 2019 (COVID-19) Iranian patients. 251 COVID-19 patients (151 mild 100 symptoms) was detected on genomic DNA extracted patients’ peripheral blood via ARMS-PCR method. Our results showed significant minor T allele ( P-value = 0.043) under dominant additive inheritance model. In conclusion, rs12329760 gene risk form contrast most previous studies variant European ancestry populations suggested protective allele. reiterate ethnic-specific alleles hidden unknown complexity behind susceptibility. However, further are needed address complex mechanisms determining severity.

Language: Английский

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