Hematological, Inflammatory, Coagulation, and Oxidative/Antioxidant Biomarkers as Predictors for Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort-Study

International Journal of General Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 565 - 580

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Purpose: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are pivotal points in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to use routine laboratory oxidative stress/antioxidative biomarkers as predictors for mortality disease. Patients Methods: prospective cohort study, made up 120 COVID-19 patients from emergency units Erbil, Duhok, Kirkuk, Sulaymaniyah cities Iraq, May 1 st 30 th , 2021, 60 healthy controls (HCs) (n = 60). The were re-categorized into mild 54), severe 40), critical 26) groups based on clinical criteria. Following admission hospital, blood was directly collected measuring biomarkers. Results: Neutrophils neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) higher group, while lymphocytes lower compared group. CRP, ferritin, D-dimer values more elevated cases than cases. levels malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), copper elevated, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity level total antioxidant capacity (TAC) lower. However, vitamin C, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase not changed HCs. NO ferritin ICU hospitalization; D-dimer, MDA, NLR mortality. NO, SpO 2 depression. Moreover, have both good diagnostic values, their cutoffs 39.01 11.93, respectively. Conclusion: There is an association between immune dysregulation imbalance. biomarkers, that could be considered severity COVID-19, NLR, D-dimer. age equal older 50 has a poor prognosis Kurdish population. Graphical Abstract: Keywords: inflammation, mortality, stress,

Language: Английский

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Serum troponin, D‐dimer, and CRP level in severe coronavirus (COVID‐19) patients

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Abstract Background Abnormal inflammation coagulation biomarker levels of troponin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and D‐dimer in serum have been demonstrated to be associated involved the disease progression coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19). Methods First: study aimed investigate correlation CRP, d ‐dimer, white blood cell (WBC) polymerase chain reaction–cycle threshold (PCR‐Ct) within COVID‐19 survivors (143 patients; 79 males, 64 females) deceased (30 12 18 group. Also, assessing any differences between both groups studied parameters. Second: a parameters' level has conducted families (41 23 males [seven deaths] females [eight deaths]) that lost more than one member due severity disease. these family control group (132 69 63 parameters assessed. Results In first week hospitalization, there were significant D‐dimer, CRP troponin survived patient groups. second admission, had all parameters; I, WBCs. WBC positively correlated male ( r = 0.75, p < 0.0001), patients 0.74, 0.007). The admission was critical who person, when with Conclusion Troponin, WBCs significantly higher died survivors. High levels, considerably member, compared unrelated control.

Language: Английский

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Clinical outcomes and phylogenetic analysis in reflection with three predominant clades of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(9)

Published: April 10, 2023

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a broad spectrum clinical manifestations. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) undergoes continuous evolution, resulting in the emergence several variants. Each variant different severity and mortality rate.In this study, 1174 COVID-19 patients were studied for over three SARS-CoV-2 predominating periods 2021 2022 Sulaimani Province, Iraq. In each period, representative, virus was subjected to phylogenetic molecular analysis.Phylogenetic analysis revealed variants, belonging to: Delta B.1.617.2, Omicron BA.1.17.2, BA.5.6. variants showed more symptoms lower PCR-Ct value than regardless gender, only 4.3% cases asymptomatic. rate with (.5% BA.5.2 1.3% BA.1.17.2) compared (2.5%). higher males (2.84%), while that BA1.17.2 females, 1.05% .0%, respectively. Age group (≥70) years had highest rate; however, it (.0%) age (30-49) (.96%) variants.There been surge infection city due predominant lineages SARS-CoV-2, B.1.617, BA.1.17.2 BA.5.6, A and/or significantly correlated death same order.

Language: Английский

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Prognostic Markers in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: The Role of IP-10 and C-Reactive Protein

Disease Markers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 14

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Background. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for COVID-19, a clinically heterogeneous disease, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to life-threating manifestations. An unmet clinical need the identification at disease onset or during its course of reliable biomarkers allowing patients’ stratification according severity. In this observational prospective cohort study, immunologic and laboratory signatures were analyzed identify independent predictors unfavorable (either death intensive care unit admission need) favorable (discharge and/or resolution within first 14 days hospitalization) outcome. Methods. Between January May 2021 (third wave pandemic), we enrolled 139 consecutive positive patients hospitalized in Northern Italy study their immunological signatures. Multiplex cytokine, chemokine, growth factor analysis, along with routine tests, performed baseline after 7 hospital stay. Results. According characteristics, majority our experienced moderate severe illness. At multivariate only evolution serum concentrations IP-10 (at baseline) C-reactive protein (CRP) hospitalization. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that $\text{IP}-10>4271\text{pg}/\text{mL}$ id="M2"> CRP 2.3 mg dL predict worsening conditions (87% sensitivity, 66% specificity, area under (AUC) 0.772, id="M3"> p < 0.001 83% 73% AUC 0.826, id="M4"> , respectively). Conclusions. results, CRP hospitalization could be useful driving decisions tailored expected trajectory COVID-19 patients.

Language: Английский

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Disease severity and efficacy of homologous vaccination among patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta or Omicron VOCs, compared to unvaccinated using main biomarkers

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(12), P. 5867 - 5876

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

From March 2021, various countries including Iraq issued prompted recommendations for increased COVID-19 vaccine protection in individuals especially those at risk of catching the virus (i.e., lifestyle, health sector workers, and chronic diseases). It is critically important to understand impact vaccinations with most commonly used vaccines (Pfizer AstraZeneca) among populations either on severity disease or transmissibility SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOCs) sequential waves. This study was conducted establish clinical caused by Delta Omicron patients who attended were admitted hospitals compare effectiveness Pfizer AstraZeneca (single double doses) least prevent hospitalizations if not eradicating pandemic. A case-control done 570 hospitalized patients; 328 confirmed (166 males, 160 females) received homologous 242 unvaccinated (128 114 during studied The showed that both waves had expressed significantly a higher number longer periods symptoms than vaccinated ones. Additionally, there no significant effect types, shot numbers PCR-Ct last (Omicron) wave However, previous (Delta) pandemic, fully (double values. Whether patients, lower CRP levels recorded wave, regardless type numbers, differences between two Lower WBCs observed (vaccinated unvaccinated) infected variant comparison without any remarkable numbers. first molecular investigational circulated Iraq, regarding these pandemic efficacy vaccination, indicating insufficiency doses demand booster dose(s) as effective way keeping safe-side against SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Clinical progress in MSC-based therapies for the management of severe COVID-19

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68, P. 25 - 36

Published: July 7, 2022

Considering the high impact that severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases still pose on public health and their complex pharmacological management, search for new therapeutic alternatives is essential. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) could be promising candidates as they present important immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties can combat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) cytokine storm occurring in COVID-19, two processes are mainly driven by an immunological misbalance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of intricate inflammatory process derived from immune dysregulation occurs discussing potential cytokines growth factors constitute MSC-derived secretome to treat disease. Moreover, revise latest clinical progress made field, most findings trials conducted date, which follow 2 different approaches: MSC-based cell therapy or administration itself, cell-free therapy.

Language: Английский

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Clinical laboratory parameters and comorbidities associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Practical Laboratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31, P. e00294 - e00294

Published: July 18, 2022

The pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dramatically spread worldwide. Considering several laboratory parameters and comorbidities may facilitate the assessment of severity. Early recognition progression associated with severe cases COVID-19 is essential for timely patient triaging. Our study investigated characteristics role results in severity cases.The was conducted from early-June to mid-August 2020. Blood samples clinical data were taken 322 patients diagnosed at Qala Hospital, Kalar, Kurdistan Region Iraq. Biological markers used this include complete blood count (CBC), D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum ferritin, sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP) SpO2.The sample included 154 males (47.8%) 168 females (52.2%). Most mild moderate symptom groups, while developed more symptoms. Regarding comorbidities, diabetes mellitus considered greatest risk factor increasing As biological parameters, WBC, granulocytes, ESR, Ferritin, CRP D-Dimer elevated significantly corresponding disease, lymphocytes SpO2 showed opposite pattern. Higher RBC severity, especially females.Gender, age are important prognostic factors mortality COVID-19. Relative non-severe COVID-19, characterized by an increase most markers. These could be recognize monitor course

Language: Английский

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Demographic, clinical and genetic factors associated with COVID-19 disease susceptibility and mortality in a Kurdish population

Annals of Saudi Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 125 - 142

Published: May 1, 2023

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating pandemic that causes with variability in susceptibility and mortality based on variants of various clinical demographic factors, including particular genes among populations. OBJECTIVES: Determine associations demographic, clinical, laboratory, single nucleotide polymorphisms the ACE2, TMPRSS2, TNF -α, IFN -γ to incidence infection COVID-19 patients. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study SETTINGS: Various cities Kurdistan Region Iraq. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective compared laboratory markers (D-dimer, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], C-reactive protein [CRP], lymphocyte neutrophil counts) between patients healthy controls. DNA was extracted from blood, genotypes were done by Sanger sequencing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Single characteristics for predicting COVID-19. SAMPLE SIZE: 203 (153 patients, 50 health control subjects). RESULTS: Forty-eight (31.4%) died. Age over 40 comorbidities risk factors mortality, but strongest serum IFN-γ, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), TNF-α. The AA genotype A allele TMPRSS2 rs2070788 decreased while GA -α increased Patients TNF-α rs1800629 had shorter survival times (9.9 days) than those carrying GG (18.3 ( P <.0001 log-rank test). versus associated higher levels rates up 3.8 fold. rate rs2430561 TT (58.5%) lower TA (80.3%). death (HR=3.664, <.0001) linked high IFN-γ production. Olfactory dysfunction predictor CONCLUSIONS: older 40, comorbidities, NLR death. Larger studies different populations must be conducted validate possible role SNPs as genetic severity disease. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Language: Английский

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Mechanism and Efficacy of Etanercept in Treating Autoimmune-like Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in elderly individuals

Immunobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 230(3), P. 152898 - 152898

Published: March 30, 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive research focused on universal treatments, but few studies addressed treatment regimens for elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate effects of etanercept, a TNF inhibitor, in individuals with through observational analysis compassionate use cases. The results showed that after one month etanercept treatment, clinical indicators such as C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen normalised, whereas control group receiving conventional did not fully recover. Single-cell sequencing was performed seven patients treated two uninfected individuals. Based our data conjunction external data, comprehensive characterization map involving 400,000 cells created. Transcriptomic revealed autoimmune-like manifestations patients, highlighting importance immunotherapy. Plasma cells, platelets, B were most treatment-sensitive cells. Analysis five drug types, including antiviral, glucocorticoids, tocilizumab, others, tocilizumab associated an increased thrombosis risk Meanwhile, alleviated by inhibiting platelet factor 4 suppressing TNF-α. Molecular docking etanercept's strong affinity (-15.0 kcal/mol) spike protein SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, suggesting it may protect immune-compromised Our findings support potential manifestations.

Language: Английский

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Diagnosis and Stratification of COVID-19 Infections Using Differential Plasma Levels of D-Dimer: A Two-Center Study from Saudi Arabia

Microbiology Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 67 - 76

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Background: D-dimer, generated upon the degradation of fibrin, is extensively used to detect thrombosis in various diseases. It also explored as a marker for cases with COVID-19 disease. Few studies have confirmed its utility assessing disease severity. Objectives: The current research was undertaken determine role D-dimer patients and investigate any association progression severity Saudi population. Methods: Clinical indices were collected from tertiary care hospitals Aljouf Qassim regions. plasma levels quantified directly samples (n = 148) using an immunofluorescence assay, data presented Fibrinogen Equivalent Units (mg/L). analyzed based on severity, age, gender patients. Results: findings show that concentrations significantly (p 0.0027) elevated 148), compared normal healthy uninfected controls 309). Moreover, according revealed increased mild infection moderate disease, highest severe < 0.05). Our analysis demonstrates no age or > 0.05) study Conclusions: can serve biomarker not only detection infection, but determining

Language: Английский

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