A Review of Histoplasma capsulatum Associated with Pulmonary Histoplasmosis DOI
Najwan Abbas Mohammed

European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 335 - 346

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular dimorphic fungus that distributed across the globe and responsible for pulmonary histoplasmosis. Bats birds are natural reservoirs this pathogen, which found in soils contaminated with these animals' excreta, grows nature as a mold, tissues of susceptible host yeast. Transmission occurs through inhalation airborne spores. The clinical manifestation primary histoplasmosis, prevalent some regions North America, typically includes nonspecific symptoms like "fevers, malaise, chills, cough, weight loss, wheezing." Importantly, amount fungal particles breathed host's immune status determine severity infection, higher morbidity mortality rates among immunocompromised individuals. Pulmonary histoplasmosis usually acute, chronic, or disseminated infection and, form, resolves spontaneously antifungal therapy immunocompetent hosts. Most infections hosts asymptomatic, acute occurring after prolonged exposure to large quantities Conversely, individuals weakened systems, frequently manifests illness, high rate untreated cases. Nevertheless, adequate can significantly reduce rate. aim review was emphasize key aspects H. associated including geographic distribution capsulatum, presentation pathogenesis, response virulence factors pathophysiology COVID-19, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

Insights on Covid‐19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus DOI Creative Commons
Yahya A. Almutawif, Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy, Ali I. Al‐Gareeb

et al.

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract A novel coronavirus (CoV) known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 is the causative agent for development of disease 2019 (Covid‐19). Covid‐19 may increase risk developing pulmonary histoplasmosis due to immune dysregulation. In addition, enhance propagation lung injury and inflammation, using corticosteroids in severely affected patients reactivate latent histoplasmosis. Likewise, activation inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection severity vice versa. Furthermore, lymphopenia progress besides Therefore, this critical review aimed find potential link between pneumonia concerning immunological response.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
A Review of Histoplasma capsulatum Associated with Pulmonary Histoplasmosis DOI
Najwan Abbas Mohammed

European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 335 - 346

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular dimorphic fungus that distributed across the globe and responsible for pulmonary histoplasmosis. Bats birds are natural reservoirs this pathogen, which found in soils contaminated with these animals' excreta, grows nature as a mold, tissues of susceptible host yeast. Transmission occurs through inhalation airborne spores. The clinical manifestation primary histoplasmosis, prevalent some regions North America, typically includes nonspecific symptoms like "fevers, malaise, chills, cough, weight loss, wheezing." Importantly, amount fungal particles breathed host's immune status determine severity infection, higher morbidity mortality rates among immunocompromised individuals. Pulmonary histoplasmosis usually acute, chronic, or disseminated infection and, form, resolves spontaneously antifungal therapy immunocompetent hosts. Most infections hosts asymptomatic, acute occurring after prolonged exposure to large quantities Conversely, individuals weakened systems, frequently manifests illness, high rate untreated cases. Nevertheless, adequate can significantly reduce rate. aim review was emphasize key aspects H. associated including geographic distribution capsulatum, presentation pathogenesis, response virulence factors pathophysiology COVID-19, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0