Child mortality in England after national lockdowns for COVID-19: An analysis of childhood deaths, 2019–2023

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. e1004417 - e1004417

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic children and young people (CYP) mortality in England reduced to lowest on record, but it is unclear if mechanisms which facilitated a reduction had longer lasting impact, what impact pandemic, its social restrictions, have deaths with latencies (e.g., malignancies). The aim of this analysis was quantify relative rate, causes, childhood England, before, during, after national lockdowns for changes. Methods findings Deaths all (occurring before their 18th birthday) occurring from April 2019 until March 2023 were identified. Data collated by National Child Mortality Database. Study population size underlying profile derived 2021 Office Statistics census data each year calculated per 1,000,000 person years. Poisson regression used test an overall trend across time period tested trends differed between (Period 1)) 2: lockdown restrictions). This then repeated category death demographic group. Twelve thousand eight hundred twenty-eight included analysis. Around 59.4% occurred under 1 age, 57.0% male, 63.9% white ethnicity. rate (per CYP year) dropped 274.2 (95% CI 264.8–283.8) 2019−2020, 242.2 233.4–251.2) 2020−2021, increasing 296.1 286.3–306.1) 2022−2023. Overall, Period (Incidence ratio (IRR) 0.96 0.92–0.99)) increased 2 (IRR 1.12 1.08–1.16)), pattern also seen Infection Underlying Disease. In contrast, Intrapartum events first period, followed decrease second IRR 1.15 1.00–1.34)) versus 0.78 0.68–0.91), p difference = 0.004). Rates preterm birth, trauma sudden unexpected infancy (SUDIC), entire 4-year-study (preterm 1.03 1.00–1.07); 1.06–1.20); SUDIC 1.09 1.04–1.13)), there no change Malignancy 1.01 0.95–1.06)). Repeating analysis, split child characteristics, suggested that initially subsequently rose 4 years old RR 0.85 0.76–0.94) 1.31 1.19–1.43), < 0.001. For Asian, black Other ethnic groups, we observed rates 2021−2023, significant trajectory Periods (Asian 0.93 0.86–1.01) 1.28 1.18–1.38), 0.001); 0.97 0.85–1.10) 1.27 1.14–1.42), 0.012); 0.84 0.68–1.04) 1.45 1.20–1.75), 0.003). Similar results most deprived areas 0.95 0.89–1.01) 1.18 1.12–1.25), 0.001). There ( 0.601) or mixed 0.823) backgrounds, those least 0.832), 2; evidence rise whole study backgrounds 1.05 1.03–1.07), 0.001) 1.06 1.01–1.10), Limitations include at risk estimated mid-point study, changes may biased our estimates. particular, absolute should be interpreted caution. addition, rare, further limit interpretation; particularly stratified analyses. Conclusions higher than them. We different temporal profiles causes death, reassuring lifted. However, other are either static, increasing. dying non-white compared children, now during lockdowns.

Language: Английский

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Does Grit Matter? The Relationship Between Grit and Drinking Behavior Among Adolescents: A Cross‐Sectional Study of a Nationally Representative Sample of Korean Adolescents

Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2025

ABSTRACT Introduction Drinking is the most problematic health behavior among adolescents. Adolescent drinking likely to continue into adulthood and can lead various social problems, development of multiple diseases, even death. Grit defined as ability persist in face a struggle. While grit be protective factor against risky behaviors, there lack information on how related adolescent behavior. Based integrative model risk behavior, this study aimed examine intrapersonal, interpersonal, cultural/environmental factors were behaviors. Especially, relationship between by adding psychosocial maturity factor. Design A cross‐sectional using nationally representative sample Korean Methods secondary data analysis 5th wave children youth panel survey ( N = 2252) was conducted. The comprised 11th‐grade high school students. Descriptive statistics logistic regression analyses performed Results Model 1 included associated with 2 added After controlling for factors, higher level lower odds adolescents OR 0.413, 95% CI 0.257–0.662, p < 0.001) Conclusion after adjusting Clinical Relevance As help deter guardians, teachers, nurses should focus fostering through education, mentorship, intervention programs

Language: Английский

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Risk Factors for Problematic Social Media Use in Youth: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

Adolescent Research Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effect of Multi-Screen Addiction on Sleep Quality and Self-Control among Preparatory School Students

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 294 - 310

Published: May 8, 2024

The growing trend of multi-screen use among preparatory school students raises concerns about potential addiction. While mobile touchscreen devices (smartphones and tablets) are ubiquitous, we lack a clear understanding how these them why this behavior is on the rise. aim study: to examine effect addiction sleep quality self-control students. Subjects Methods: A study design that was cross-sectional employed. In study, 300 from certain schools connected Minia City Governorate were included in multistage random sample. Four tools used research involved; 1st tool: structured interviewing questionnaire, first Part: Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, second history, 2nd Tool: scale, 3rd Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 4th Brief Self-Control Scale. Results: More than half studied sample had high addiction; majority unsatisfactory low levels. Also, there highly statistically significant correlation between their level. Conclusion: current highlighted improved as well its impact reversely self-control. Recommendation: Preparatory need continuous education use. Programs can teach responsible digital habits, including time management identifying both risks benefits multi-screening, empower for success.

Language: Английский

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