Cigarette Smoke-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Formation: A Concise Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1732 - 1732

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Smoking is recognized as a significant risk factor for numerous disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory conditions, and various forms of cancer. While the exact pathogenic mechanisms continue to be explored, induction oxidative stress via production excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) widely accepted primary molecular event that predisposes individuals these smoking-related ailments. This review focused on how cigarette smoke (CS) promotes ROS formation rather than pathophysiological repercussions stress. A comprehensive analysis existing studies revealed following key ways through which CS imposes burden biological systems: (1) ROS, well radicals, are intrinsically present in CS, (2) constituents generate chemical reactions with biomolecules, (3) stimulates cellular sources enhance production, (4) disrupts antioxidant system, aggravating generation its functions. evidence supporting chiefly based vitro animal studies, direct clinical relevance remains fully elucidated. Nevertheless, this understanding fundamental deciphering events leading developing intervention strategies counter CS-induced

Language: Английский

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The Product Science of Electrically Heated Tobacco Products: An Updated Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2024

Heated tobacco products represent a novel category of in which consumable is heated to temperature that releases nicotine from the leaf but not sufficient cause combustion. may therefore have potential be less harmful alternative for adult smokers who would otherwise continue smoke cigarettes, as their use should result exposure substantially fewer and lower levels toxicants. This update represents two-year extension our previous narrative review, covered peer-reviewed journal articles published up August 31, 2021. The scientific evidence between 2021 2023 continues indicate aerosols produced contain potentially constituents these observed reductions consistently translate reduced biological effects both vitro vivo toxicological studies. Biomarker clinical data studies product controlled within setting suggest changes biomarkers exposure, harm, endpoints indicating harm with switching exclusive smokers. Overall, available offer promise such, conclusions original review remain valid.

Language: Английский

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Landscape analysis and overview of the literature on oxidative stress and pulmonary diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 26, 2023

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant processes and a critical process pulmonary diseases. As no truly effective therapies exist for lung cancer, fibrosis chronic obstructive disease (COPD), at present, it important to comprehensively study the relationship between oxidative diseases identify therapeutics. Since there quantitative qualitative bibliometric analysis of literature this area, review provides in-depth publications related over four periods, including from 1953 2007, 2008 2012, 2013 2017, 2018 2022. Interest many has increased, mechanisms therapeutic drugs have been well analyzed. Lung injury, asthma, COPD pneumonia are 5 most studied stress. Inflammation, apoptosis, nuclear factor erythroid 2 like (NRF2), mitochondria, factor-κB (NF-κB) rapidly becoming commonly used top keywords. The thirty medicines treating different were summarized. Antioxidants, especially those targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) specific organelles certain diseases, may be substantial necessary choice combined rather than acting as single “magic bullet” treatment refractory

Language: Английский

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In vitro toxicological assessment of aerosols from indirectly heated tobacco products using a solvent-free extraction method

Food and Chemical Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 115333 - 115333

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Quantitative adverse outcome pathway modeling for cigarette-smoke-induced airway mucus hypersecretion. Part 1: adverse-outcome-pathway-based in vitro assessment with repeated exposure to whole cigarette smoke

Frontiers in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: May 15, 2025

Adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-based chemical risk assessment is a promising tool for regulatory decision-making and typically used in toxicological assessments. However, it also holds potential pharmacological disease-related evaluations. The present study focuses on an AOP decreased lung function. Lung function normally robustly maintained by homeostatic capacity, but repeated chronic stimulation can disrupt this leading to impaired mucus hypersecretion. We developed AOP-based vitro method test the states that be reproduced exposing three-dimensionally cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (3D-HBECs) whole cigarette smoke (WCS). Over duration of 2 weeks, we repeatedly exposed 3D-HBECs from six different donors WCS times observe both acute phase responses (oxidative stress, epidermal growth factor receptor activation, SP1 activation) (intracellular production, goblet cell metaplasia/hyperplasia, hypersecretion) along AOP. Our results demonstrate although exposure induced biological all donors, there were interdonor differences, particularly timing amplitudes responses. All smokers do not exhibit phenotypic changes with same smoking duration, so variability likely reflects individual differences. anticipate our combined computational quantitative modeling (discussed Part 2) will become valuable assessing disease airborne materials inhalable products.

Language: Английский

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Importance of Autophagy Regulation in Glioblastoma with Temozolomide Resistance

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 1332 - 1332

Published: Aug. 11, 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant CNS tumor, accounting for 47.7% of total cases. has an incidence rate 3.21 cases per 100,000 people. The regulation autophagy, a conserved cellular process involved in degradation recycling components, been found to play important role GBM pathogenesis response therapy. Autophagy plays dual promoting tumor survival apoptosis, here we discuss complex interplay between autophagy GBM. We summarize mechanisms underlying dysregulation GBM, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which active brain tumors, EGFR mutant EGFRvIII. also review potential therapeutic strategies that target treatment such as inhibitors used combination with standard care, TMZ. our current understanding how TMZ resistance its glioblastoma development survival.

Language: Английский

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Could cigarette smoke be associated with metaplastic type of meibomian gland dysfunction?

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(4), P. 615 - 615

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Madam, The meibomian glands are located in the tarsal plates of eyelids. diseases involving these belong to a broad classification. However, metaplastic gland focus this letter.1 We intend propose possible role cigarette smoke as an active agent developing type dysfunction (MGD). A is made up multiple acini that arranged around long central duct. Owing its vigorous function producing meibum and maintaining tear film stability, requires constant turnover differentiation cells. Consequently, during intricate cascade continuous production cells, even slight deviation from normality can lead drastic pathological effects.2 presume oxidative stress produce such pathologic deviation. One most common causes increased cells exposure smoke. It has also been experimentally established well-known inducer changes; especially known cause squamous metaplasia bronchial epithelium.3 Therefore, may be culprit when orifice, owing superficial location on eyelid, exposed components Cigarette contains carbon particles other toxic compounds begin inflammation attempts phagocytic elimination compounds, inflammatory damage DNA proteins occur.4 aspect protein hyperkeratinization response already studied implicated pathogenesis MGD.2 Furthermore, it demonstrated EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) produced epithelial further increases possibility well hyperplastic changes.5 we suggest there exists strong relation between development dysfunction. Further studies regard might help prevention, newer diagnostic approaches towards MGD populations regular basis.

Language: Английский

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RNA sequencing analysis of early-stage atherosclerosis in vascular-on-a-chip and its application for comparing combustible cigarettes with heated tobacco products

Current Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100163 - 100163

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Our previous study showed promising results in replicating early-stage atherosclerosis when vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) extract via M0 macrophages. We used an organ-on-a-chip system as alternative animal testing model atherosclerosis, which is a complex disease involving and immune cell communications. By incorporating macrophages into the vascular-on-a-chip system, we aimed mimic indirect effects of inhalable substances, such CS, on VECs. In current study, further examined suitability our

Language: Английский

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The Role of ROS in Electronic Cigarette- and Heated Tobacco Product-Induced Damage

Oxygen, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 363 - 376

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

The success of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has been largely attributed to their ability mimic the gestural experience traditional cigarette smoking, while being perceived as a safer alternative due absence combustion, well appeal, particularly among younger populations. Despite initial idea that these new devices were harmless, recent literature reveals concerning expanding body evidence on potential toxicity. Thus, this review aims elucidate mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species generated HTPs e-cigs induce oxidative stress inflammation subsequent biological health consequences, in order raise awareness significance addressing toxicological effects associated with devices, are commonly believed be safe.

Language: Английский

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High-throughput Bronchus-on-a-Chip system for modeling the human bronchus

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Airway inflammation, a protective response in the human body, can disrupt normal organ function when chronic, as seen chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Chronic bronchitis induces goblet cell hyperplasia metaplasia, obstructing airflow. Traditional animal testing is often replaced by vitro three-dimensional cultures of epithelial cells to assess responses. However, these are cultured horizontally, differing from tubular structure airway failing accurately reproduce stenosis. To address this, we developed Bronchus-on-a-Chip (BoC) system. The BoC uses novel microfluidic design standard laboratory plate, embedding 62 chips one plate. Human bronchial were against collagen extracellular matrix for up 35 days. Characterization included barrier integrity assays, microscopy, histological examination. Cells successfully structure, with apical side air-lifted. Epithelial differentiated into basal, ciliated, secretory cells, mimicking epithelium. Upon exposure inducers system showed mucus hyperproduction, replicating This enhances providing more human-relevant high-throughput method.

Language: Английский

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