Biology of the Cell,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
117(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Ferroptosis
is
a
type
of
cell
death
that
multiple
mechanisms
and
pathways
contribute
to
the
positive
negative
regulation
it.
For
example,
increased
levels
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
induce
ferroptosis.
ferroptosis
unlike
apoptosis,
it
not
dependent
on
caspases,
but
iron.
Exosomes
are
membrane-bound
vesicles
with
size
about
30
150
nm,
contain
various
cellular
components,
including
DNA,
RNA,
microRNAs
(miRNAs),
lipids,
proteins,
which
genetically
similar
their
cells
origin.
found
in
all
bodily
fluids,
blood,
saliva,
urine.
Cells
often
release
exosomes
after
fusion
membrane.
They
play
an
important
role
immune
cell-cell
communication.
miRNAs,
noncoding
RNAs
length
18
24
nucleotides,
involved
regulating
gene
expression
transcription.
Emerging
data
suggests
exosomal
miRNAs
implicated
pathophysiological
cells,
metastasis,
drug
resistance,
death.
In
addition,
functional
studies
have
indicated
can
key
modulation
by
Therefore,
this
review,
given
importance
ferroptosis,
we
decided
elucidate
relationship
between
diseases.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 14, 2019
NCOA4
(Nuclear
receptor
coactivator
4)
mediates
the
selective
autophagic
degradation
of
ferritin,
cellular
cytosolic
iron
storage
complex,
thereby
playing
a
critical
role
in
intracellular
and
systemic
homeostasis.
Disruptions
homeostasis
autophagy
are
observed
several
neurodegenerative
disorders
raising
possibility
that
NCOA4-mediated
ferritinophagy
links
these
two
observations
may
underlie,
part,
pathophysiology
neurodegeneration.
Here,
we
review
available
evidence
detailing
molecular
mechanisms
recent
studies
examining
its
erythropoiesis.
We
propose
additional
to
examine
potential
brain
context
diseases.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Dec. 11, 2019
Cellular
growth,
function
and
protection
require
proper
iron
management,
ferritin
plays
a
physiologically
crucial
role
as
the
major
sequestration
storage
protein.
Ferritin
is
24
subunit
spherical
shell
protein
composed
of
both
light
(FTL)
heavy
chain
(FTH1)
subunits,
possessing
complimentary
iron-handling
functions
forming
pores
3-fold
4-fold
symmetry.
Iron
uptake
through
well-defined,
but
unloading
process
somewhat
less
generally
focuses
on
lysosomal
degradation
although
it
may
have
an
additional,
energetically
efficient
pore
mechanism.
Hereditary
Ferritinopathy
(HF)
or
neuroferritinopathy
autosomal
dominant
neurodegenerative
disease
caused
by
mutations
in
FTL
C-terminal
sequence,
which
turn
cause
disorder
unraveling
at
allowing
leakage
enhanced
formation
toxic,
improperly
coordinated
(ICI).
Histopathologically,
HF
characterized
deposition
inclusion
bodies
(IBs)
cells
overexpress
attempt
to
address
accumulation
while
lacking
ability
clear
its
aggregates.
Overexpression
IB
tax
materially
energetically,
i.e.,
their
synthesis
disposal
systems,
hinder
cellular
transport
other
spatially
dependent
functions.
ICI
causes
damage
proteins
lipids
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
because
high
levels
brain
oxygen,
reductants
general
metabolism,
taxing
repair.
can
aggregation
indirectly
ROS-induced
modification
destabilization,
more
directly
with
mutant
bridging.
release
are
also
linked
misfunction
ferritinophagy,
sufficient
initiate
unique
programmed
cell
death
ferroptosis
causing
ROS
lipid
peroxidation.
But
buildup
suggests
suppressed
elevated
from
together
leading
long-term
ferroptotic-like
state
HF.
Several
these
processes
parallels
line
mouse
models.
This
review
addresses
roles
structure
within
above-mentioned
framework,
they
relate
associated
disorders
abnormal
accumulation,
aggregation,
oxidative
damage,
resulting
contributions
cumulative
stress
death.
JCI Insight,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
5(2)
Published: Jan. 29, 2020
Iron
is
an
essential
element
for
multiple
fundamental
biological
processes
required
life;
yet
iron
overload
can
be
cytotoxic.
Consequently,
concentrations
at
the
cellular
and
tissue
level
must
exquisitely
governed
by
mechanisms
that
complement
fine-tune
systemic
control.
It
well
appreciated
macrophages
are
vital
homeostasis,
supplying
or
sequestering
as
needed
erythropoiesis
bacteriostasis,
respectively.
Indeed,
recycling
of
through
erythrophagocytosis
splenic
a
major
contributor
to
homeostasis.
However,
accumulating
evidence
suggests
tissue-resident
regulate
local
availability
modulate
microenvironment,
contributing
function.
Here,
we
summarize
significance
tissue-specific
regulation
highlight
how
resident
critical
this
process.
This
tissue-dependent
has
broad
implications
understanding
both
macrophage
function
homeostasis
in
health
disease.
Bioscience Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
41(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2021
Abstract
Ferroptosis,
a
novel
type
of
programmed
cell
death,
is
involved
in
inflammation
and
oxidation
various
human
diseases,
including
diabetic
kidney
disease.
The
present
study
explored
the
role
high-mobility
group
box-1
(HMGB1)
on
regulation
ferroptosis
mesangial
cells
response
to
high
glucose.
Compared
with
healthy
control,
levels
serum
ferritin,
lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH),
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
malonaldehyde
(MDA),
HMGB1
were
significantly
elevated
nephropathy
(DN)
patients,
accompanied
deregulated
ferroptosis-related
molecules,
long-chain
acyl-CoA
synthetase
4
(ACSL4),
prostaglandin-endoperoxide
synthase
2
(PTGS2),
NADPH
oxidase
1
(NOX1),
glutathione
peroxidase
(GPX4).
In
vitro
assay
revealed
that
erastin
glucose
both
induced
cells.
Suppression
restored
cellular
proliferation,
prevented
ROS
LDH
generation,
decreased
ACSL4,
PTGS2,
NOX1,
increased
GPX4
Furthermore,
nuclear
factor
E2-related
(Nrf2)
was
DN
patients
glucose-mediated
translocation
Knockdown
suppressed
glucose-induced
activation
TLR4/NF-κB
axis
promoted
Nrf2
expression
as
well
its
downstream
targets
HO-1,
NQO-1,
GCLC,
GCLM.
Collectively,
these
findings
suggest
regulates
via
pathway
Essays in Biochemistry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
65(7), P. 925 - 940
Published: Oct. 10, 2021
Ferroptosis
is
an
iron-
and
lipid
peroxidation-dependent
cell
death
modality
emerging
evidence
indicates
that
ferroptosis
has
great
explanatory
potential
for
neuronal
loss
associated
CNS
dysfunction
in
a
range
of
neurodegenerative
diseases
(e.g.,
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's
Huntington's
diseases,
Motor
neuron
disease,
Friedreich
ataxia
(FRDA)).
Ferroptotic
results
from
lethal
levels
phospholipid
hydroperoxides
are
generated
by
iron-dependent
peroxidation
polyunsaturated
fatty
acids
(PUFAs),
such
as
arachidonic
adrenic
acids,
which
conjugated
to
specific
phospholipids
phosphatidylethanolamines
(PEs)).
The
major
cellular
protector
against
glutathione
peroxidase
4
(GPX4),
membrane-associated
selenoenzyme
reduces
deleterious
their
corresponding
benign
alcohols
glutathione-dependent
manner.
Other
complementary
protective
systems
have
also
been
identified
act
bolster
defences
ferroptosis.
Many
pharmacological
modulators
the
pathway
identified,
targeting
proteins
involved
iron
homoeostasis
autophagy;
production
detoxification
peroxides,
cyst(e)ine/glutathione
metabolism.
While
growing
number
signalling
pathways
converge
regulate
cascade,
understanding
regulation
suggests
ferroptotic
'tone'
cells
can
be
set
transcription
factor,
nuclear
factor
erythroid
2-related
2
(NRF2),
transcriptionally
controls
many
key
components
pathway.
In
this
review,
we
provide
critical
overview
relationship
between
NRF2
signalling.
With
focus
on
role
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
discuss
how
therapeutic
modulation
viable
strategy
explore
treatment
ferroptosis-driven
neurodegeneration.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Jan. 13, 2022
Atherosclerosis
is
a
chronic
inflammatory
disorder
characterized
by
the
gradual
buildup
of
plaques
within
vessel
wall
middle-sized
and
large
arteries.
The
occurrence
development
atherosclerosis
rupture
are
related
to
injury
vascular
cells,
including
endothelial
smooth
muscle
macrophages.
Autophagy
subcellular
process
that
plays
an
important
role
in
degradation
proteins
damaged
organelles,
autophagy
cells
closely
atherosclerosis.
Pyroptosis
proinflammatory
form
regulated
cell
death,
while
ferroptosis
nonapoptotic
death
involving
overwhelming
iron-dependent
lipid
peroxidation.
Both
them
exhibit
distinct
features
from
apoptosis,
necrosis,
morphology,
biochemistry,
genetics.
However,
growing
body
evidence
suggests
pyroptosis
interact
with
participate
cancers,
degenerative
brain
diseases
cardiovascular
diseases.
This
review
updated
current
understanding
autophagy,
pyroptosis,
ferroptosis,
finding
potential
links
their
effects
on
atherogenesis
plaque
stability,
thus
providing
ways
develop
new
pharmacological
strategies
address
stabilize
vulnerable,
ruptured
plaques.
FEBS Journal,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
290(7), P. 1688 - 1704
Published: Feb. 2, 2022
Ferroptosis
is
triggered
by
a
chain
of
intracellular
labile
iron-dependent
peroxidation
cell
membrane
phospholipids.
important
not
only
as
cause
ischaemic
and
neurodegenerative
diseases
but
also
mechanism
cancer
suppression,
better
understanding
its
regulatory
required.
It
has
become
clear
that
ferroptosis
finely
controlled
two
oxidative
stress-responsive
transcription
factors,
NRF2
(NF-E2-related
factor
2)
BACH1
(BTB
CNC
homology
1).
inhibit
promote
ferroptosis,
respectively,
activating
or
suppressing
the
expression
genes
in
major
pathways
ferroptosis:
iron
metabolism,
GSH
(glutathione)
-GPX4
(glutathione
peroxidase
4)
pathway
FSP1
(ferroptosis
suppressor
protein
1)-CoQ
(coenzyme
Q)
pathway.
In
addition
to
this,
control
through
regulation
lipid
metabolism
differentiation.
This
multifaceted
considered
have
been
acquired
during
evolution
multicellular
organisms,
allowing
utilization
for
maintaining
homeostasis,
including
suppression.
terms
cell-cell
interaction,
it
revealed
property
propagating
surrounding
cells
along
with
peroxidation.
The
propagation
phenomenon
could
be
used
realize
anticancer
therapy
future.
this
review,
these
points
will
summarized
discussed.