Why we need families in genomic research on developmental psychopathology

JCPP Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Fundamental questions about the roles of genes, environments, and their interplay in developmental psychopathology have traditionally been domain twin family studies. More recently, rapidly growing availability large genomic datasets, composed unrelated individuals, has generated novel insights. However, there are major stumbling blocks. Only a small fraction total genetic influence on childhood estimated from data is captured with measured DNA. Moreover, identified using DNA often confounded indirect effects relatives, population stratification assortative mating.

Language: Английский

---

Using twin-pairs to assess potential bias in polygenic prediction of externalising behaviours across development

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract Prediction from polygenic scores may be confounded by sources of passive gene-environment correlation (rGE; e.g. population stratification, assortative mating, and environmentally mediated effects parental genotype on child phenotype). Using genomic data 10 000 twin pairs, we asked whether the most recent externalising genome-wide association study predict conduct problems, ADHD symptomology callous-unemotional traits, these predictions are biased rGE. We ran regression models including within-family between-family scores, to separate direct genetic influence a trait environmental influences that correlate with genes (indirect effects). Findings suggested this score is good index ADHD-related symptoms across development, minimal bias rGE, although predicted less variance in CU traits. Post-hoc analyses showed some indirect acting common factor indexing stability problems time contexts.

Language: Английский

---

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence From Multiple Genetically Informed Designs

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(5), P. 444 - 452

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive (MDD) are two highly prevalent disorders that frequently co-occur. Prior evidence from genetic cohort studies supports an association between ADHD MDD. However, the direction mechanisms underlying their remain unclear. As onset of occurs in early life, it has been hypothesized may cause

Language: Английский

---

Raising the Floor? Genetic Influences on Educational Attainment Through the Lens of the Evolving Swedish Welfare State

Behavior Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 15, 2025

Abstract Interest in the role of genetics influencing key life outcomes such as educational attainment has grown quickly. However, question whether genetic influences on attainment, average well conjunction with socioeconomic circumstances, are moderated by macro-level factors not yet received sufficient attention. This study combines polygenic indices for (EA PGI) high-quality register data a large sample Swedish twins European ancestry born 1920–1999. Employing both conventional between-family and within-family models, analyses suggest that education-related propensities have increased Sweden during twentieth century, period featuring major expansions system, decreasing economic inequality. The also degree to which background enhances education decreased across cohorts. Genetic do appear translated into income. Additionally, there is some evidence floor ceiling effects dichotomous outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Social isolation and poor mental health in young people: testing genetic and environmental influences in a longitudinal cohort study

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Distinct genetic pathways to music enjoyment

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2024

Abstract Humans engage with music for various reasons that range from emotional regulation and relaxation to social bonding. While there are large inter-individual differences in how much humans enjoy music, little is known about the origins of those differences. Here, we disentangled genetic factors underlying such variation. We collected behavioural data on several facets reward sensitivity, perceptual ability, general sensitivity a sample Swedish twins ( N = 9,169). found substantially explain variance above beyond influences shared perception sensitivity. Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed different partly distinct, uncovering distinct pathways enjoyment patterns associations objectively assessed abilities. These results paint complex picture which partially sources variation contribute aspects musical open up new possibilities using gain insights into biology key aspect human behaviour.

Language: Английский

---

Heritability and genetic correlations of obesity indices and cardiometabolic traits in the Northern Chinese families

Annals of Human Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the heritability of various obesity indices and their shared genetic factors with cardiometabolic traits in Chinese nuclear family. Methods A total 1270 individuals from 538 families were included this cross‐sectional study. Different used quantify fat mass distribution, including body index (BMI), visceral (VFI), percent (BFP). Heritability correlations for all quantitative estimated using variance component models. The susceptibility‐threshold model was utilized estimate binary traits. Results estimates highest BMI (59%), followed by BFP (49%), VFI (40%). continuous varied 24% 50%. All measures exhibited consistently significant positive blood pressure, fasting glucose, uric acid ( r G range: 0.26–0.57). However, diverse between lipid profiles observed. Significant limited specific pairs: cholesterol = 0.24), low‐density lipoprotein 0.25), triglyceride 0.33). Conclusion overlap underscores importance pleiotropic genes. Further studies are warranted environmental diseases.

Language: Английский

---

How to advance the understanding of multimorbidity in neurodevelopmental disorders using longitudinal research?

JCPP Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are complex, heterogeneous, conditions that show considerable clinical overlap. The concept of NDDs were introduced as an overarching category about 10 years ago in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In DSM-5, includes diagnoses such Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism, Intellectual Disability (ID), communication disorders, specific learning motor (e.g., developmental coordination disorder tic disorders) A core characteristic all is they typically onset childhood. Longitudinal studies with a focus on how emerge early life therefore very important research area, it has potential to help improve detection identify new intervention targets for NDDs. Two papers March 2023 issue JCPP Advances present detailed explorations antecedents publication by Rudling et al. (2023) demonstrated that, already at 2 age, parental ratings decontextualized language associated clinician-rated symptoms autism. Christoforou presents results carefully conducted systematic review examining preschool executive functioning children without autism or ADHD. identified suggest pre-schoolers ADHD demonstrate robust impairments global functioning. included also seem appear be consistently impaired mainly shifting, while more inhibition, planning working memory. These two have both implications interventions, but needed. construct validity supported high rates comorbidity between various within this diagnostic grouping Individuals risk other co-occurring mental health problems. For example, over 70% individuals meet criteria least one additional psychiatric condition (Faraone al., 2021). contribute advanced understanding problems First, Wren focused extent which persistent speech elevated levels social, emotional behavioral difficulties. They used data from Avon Study Parents Children (ALSPAC) covering information age 8 recordings transcriptions samples. noteworthy strength study was difficulties measured across several time points (i.e., 10–14 years) using multiple informants, including parent-, teacher- child-reported questionnaires interviews. main finding suggests likely peer 10–11 compared their peers, reported teachers parents, whereas report emotionality. Second, Wolstencroft explored moderates psychological distress intellectual disability genetic etiology. recruited 1904 participants copy number variant single nucleotide (5–19 UK National Health Service. indicated intellectual/developmental higher disruptive behavior those only. Further, severity greater disability. Finally, parents than alone. above make contribution complete picture Describing independently combination + autism) associates remains given most far common types autism). Thus, add understudied subtypes recent times, there been growing recognition, particular general medicine primary care, need take multimorbidity into account. Multimorbidity defined co-occurrence chronic same person. According some definitions multimorbidity, these should affect systems body (Skou 2022). Critically, encompasses physical health, increasing recognizing strongly (Arrondo NDDs, still lack focusing multimorbidity. first task advance Emerging evidence indicate increased stages lifespan, obesity, asthma, epilepsy, gastrointestinal diseases 2022), much needed topic. Another future potentially modifiable factors influence underlying mechanisms lifestyle social probably play role. Although examined limited field would benefit investment observational designs will critical address knowledge gaps surrounding reporting methodological standards needs remain increase. Several publications made contributions aims research. editorial Larsson (2022) highlighted improved confounding careful interpretation psychiatry. Ozonoff (2023), current Advances, problem selective attrition longitudinal studies. This many currently fail adequately consider analyze attrition. An home message cohorts analyses comparing retained not-retained samples examine effects variables internal generalizability. Other described triangulation genetically-sensitive (Cheesman 2023; Riglin & Stergiakouli, family-based mendelian randomization can strengthen causal inference Until recently, view childhood, now increasingly recognized lifelong conditions. Not only lifespan perspective implemented clinic settings. played major role changing perspective. Hopefully, equally transforming care Henrik Larsson: Conceptualization; Writing – original draft; editing. reports receiving grants Shire Pharmaceuticals; personal fees serving speaker Pharmaceuticals Evolan Pharma AB outside submitted work; sponsorship conference attention-deficit/hyperactivity work. He Editor-in-Chief Advances.

Language: Английский

---

Genetic Influences on Educational Attainment Through the Lens of the Evolving Swedish Welfare State: A cross-level gene-environment interaction study based on polygenic indices and longitudinal register data

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Abstract Gene-environment interaction with regards to educational attainment has received increasing attention during the last few years. However, potential interdependence between different types of environments in gene-environment models mostly been neglected. Using high-quality register data for an extensive panel Swedish twins, born most twentieth century, this study explores how genetic propensities attainment, as measured by a polygenic index, interact both macro-level institutional and sociopolitical context, socioeconomic background. The analyses, which combine between-family causally robust within-family models, suggest that average association increased Sweden along expansion system decreased economic inequality. There is also evidence positive background, but only oldest cohorts sample, were before welfare state had fully established. This implies micro-level interactions can be significantly dependent on insight arguably not yet given sufficient literature. Acknowledging limitations indices, arbitrariness lottery, results may nevertheless indicate development towards higher equality opportunity century.

Language: Английский

---

Disentangling direct and indirect genetic effects from partners and offspring on maternal depression using trio-GCTA

Nature Mental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 417 - 425

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

---