Beyond Blood Clotting: The Many Roles of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1850 - 1850

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are emerging as pivotal players in numerous physiological and pathological processes, extending beyond their traditional roles hemostasis thrombosis. As one of the most abundant vesicle types human blood, pEVs transport a diverse array bioactive molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, clotting facilitating crucial intercellular communication, immune regulation, tissue healing. The unique ability to traverse barriers biocompatibility position them promising candidates for targeted drug delivery regenerative medicine applications. Recent studies have underscored involvement cancer progression, viral infections, wound healing, osteoarthritis, sepsis, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, atherothrombosis. For instance, promote tumor progression metastasis, enhance repair, contribute thrombo-inflammation diseases such COVID-19. Despite potential, challenges remain, need standardized isolation techniques comprehensive understanding mechanisms action. Current research efforts focused on leveraging innovative anti-cancer treatments, advanced systems, therapies, biomarkers disease diagnosis monitoring. This review highlights necessity overcoming technical hurdles, refining methods, establishing protocols fully unlock therapeutic potential pEVs. By functions applications pEVs, we can advance use clinical settings, ultimately revolutionizing treatment strategies across various medical fields improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Reply to: Letter to Editor by Saravanan Sampoornam et al.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(5)

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Targeting Neuroinflammation in Preterm White Matter Injury: Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(1)

Published: March 12, 2025

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the development of preterm white matter injury (PWMI), leading to glial cell dysfunction, arrest oligodendrocyte maturation, and long-term neurological damage. As potential therapeutic strategy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit significant immunomodulatory regenerative potential. Recent studies suggest that primary mechanism MSC action their paracrine effects, particularly mediated by extracellular vesicles, with MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) being mediators. MSC-Exos, enriched lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, regulate neuroinflammation modulating activity influencing signaling pathways associated inflammation repair. Preclinical evidence has indicated MSC-Exos can suppress activation microglia astrocytes, promote enhance myelination, highlighting as cell-free treatment for PWMI. However, there are paucity comprehensive reviews on how PWMI through specific pathways. This review aims summarize which modulate discuss challenges clinical application MSC-Exos-based therapies.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Hydrogels on Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Paracrine Activity and Extracellular Vesicles Production

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a valuable source of paracrine factors, as they have remarkable secretory capacity, and there is sizeable knowledge base to develop industrial clinical production protocols. Promising cell‐free approaches for tissue regeneration immunomodulation driving research towards secretome applications, among which extracellular vesicles (EVs) steadily gaining attention. However, the manufacturing application EVs limited by insufficient yields, gaps, low standardization. Facing these limitations, hydrogels represent versatile three‐dimensional (3D) culture platform that can incorporate matrix (ECM) components mimic natural stem cell environment in vitro; via niche‐mimicking properties, regulate MSCs’ morphology, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation secretion capacities. impact hydrogel's architectural, biochemical biomechanical properties on remains poorly understood, field still its infancy interdependency parameters compromises comparability studies. Therefore, this review summarizes discusses reported effects hydrogel encapsulation MSC‐EVs. Considering cell‐material interactions overall activity MSCs, we identify persistent challenges from standardization process control, outline future paths research, such synergic use bioreactors enhance MSC‐EV generation.

Language: Английский

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Genetic tools for investigating the life cycle of extracellular vesicles

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Protein Solubilization and Normalization Methods for Proteomics Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Urine

Journal of Proteome Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a vital role in numerous biological processes. Proteomic research of EVs is crucial for understanding their functions and potential therapeutic implications. Despite many sample preparation protocols mass spectrometry-based proteomics being described, the variability protein extraction across different has not been extensively investigated. Moreover, given inherent heterogeneity EVs, it to conduct thorough evaluation normalization methods. Here, we present comprehensive comparison three widely used lysis agents─sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), urea, sodium deoxycholate (SDC)─for from EVs. We also assess impact strategies on quantification, which ensuring reliable results. Our results show that method-dependent differences recovery were observed, particularly membrane-associated proteins. find common strategies, such as urine creatinine EV markers, did significantly stabilize indicating these methods are universally applicable standards. work thereby provides reference selection MS project.

Language: Английский

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Rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles from stem cell conditioned medium using osmosis-driven filtration

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold significant promise as biomarkers and therapeutics, yet their isolation remains challenging due to low abundance complex sample matrices. Here, we introduce EV-Osmoprocessor (EVOs), a novel device that leverages osmosis-driven filtration for rapid efficient EV isolation. EVOs employs high osmolarity polymer solution concentrate EVs while simultaneously removing smaller contaminants. Compared traditional methods such ultracentrifugation precipitation, offers speed convenience, achieving 50-fold volume reduction in under 2 h. Our results show retained removed >99% albumin from the cell conditioned culture medium (CCM). The isolated exhibited particle size distribution centered around 140 nm, which was very similar via precipitation or ultracentrifugation. standalone process achieved particle:protein ratio (EV purity) of ~107 particles/µg protein. Comprehensive characterization, including cryo-electron microscopy, validation protein markers known miRNA cargo confirmed successful EVs. Functional assays, based on protection cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, demonstrated bioactivity EVOs-isolated Furthermore, can be used 30 ml CCM into 0.5 solution, then further processed with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), improving purity ~109 This work establishes promising tool research clinical applications, offering streamlined approach enhanced analytical performance.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles from Different Mesenchymal Stem Cell Types Exhibit Distinctive Surface Protein Profiling and Molecular Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3393 - 3393

Published: April 4, 2025

The current medical need to respond different diseases has sparked great interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due their regenerative potential and as drug carriers by playing a critical role cell-cell communication. However, heterogeneity, there is no standardized universal method for identification characterization, which limits clinical application. This study, following the recommendations methodologies proposed MISEV2023 characterization of EVs, shows first time detailed morphological, protein, biochemical comparison between EVs three MSCs sources (placenta, endometrium, dental pulp). information obtained applied assays suggests that are substantial differences one source another. It also offers valuable insights provide guidelines ease profiling therefore improve selection, order speed up use application; additionally, knowledge each test could facilitate new researchers field choose specific cell obtain select appropriate methods necessary according requirements.

Language: Английский

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Multiomics from Alzheimer’s Brains and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Therapeutic Potential of Specific Subpopulations to Target Mitochondrial Proteostasis

Journal of Central Nervous System Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: April 1, 2025

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by complex molecular alterations that complicate its pathogenesis and contribute to the lack of effective treatments. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in AD models, but results across different EV subpopulations remain inconsistent. Objectives This study investigates proteomic transcriptomic data from publicly available postmortem brain datasets identify changes at both gene protein levels. These findings are then compared with proteomes various subpopulations, differing size distribution, determine most promising subtype for compensating degeneration AD. Design We conducted a comprehensive analysis 788 samples, including 481 cases 307 healthy controls, examining mRNA levels uncover AD-associated changes. were potential therapeutic candidates. Methods A multi-omics approach was employed, integrating analysis, miRNA transcription factor profiling, protein-protein network construction, hub identification, enrichment analyses. aimed explore brains pinpoint relevant intervention. Results identified common cAMP signaling pathway coagulation cascade Distinct energy metabolism observed level not level. specific subtype, broader distribution obtained through high-speed centrifugation, as capable dysregulated mitochondrial proteostasis brains. Network biology analyses further highlighted regulators key proteins within this subtype. Conclusion underscores critical role identifies subpopulation, enriched targeting proteostasis, strategy

Language: Английский

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Platelet Extracellular Vesicles as Natural Delivery Vehicles for Mitochondrial Dysfunction Therapy?

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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