Functions and mechanisms of eukaryotic RNA-guided programmed DNA elimination

Biochemical Society Transactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(02), P. 473 - 485

Published: April 1, 2025

Many eukaryotic organisms, from ciliates to mammals, employ programmed DNA elimination during their postmeiotic reproduction. The process removes specific regions the somatic and has broad functions, including irreversible silencing of genes, sex determination, genome protection transposable elements or integrating viruses. Multiple mechanisms have evolved that explain sequence selectivity process. In some cases, eliminated sequences lack centromeres are flanked by conserved motifs specifically recognized cleaved designated nucleases. Upon cleavage, all fragments lost following mitosis. Alternatively, can be destined for complementary small RNAs (sRNAs) as in ciliates. These sRNAs enable a PIWI-mediated recruitment chromatin remodelers, followed up precise positioning cleavage complex formed transposase like PiggyBac Tc1. Here, we review known molecular interplay cellular machinery is involved sRNA-guided excision, additionally, highlight prominent knowledge gaps. We focus on modes through which localization complex, how nuclease activity controlled prevent off-target cleavage. A mechanistic understanding this could development novel editing tools.

Language: Английский

Trawling aquatic life for new models in biomedical research and evolutionary developmental biology

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 342(3), P. 123 - 125

Published: April 30, 2024

Language: Английский