COVID‐19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis

The Journal of Gene Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(2)

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Abstract Background At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus tentatively named SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, central city China, was announced by World Health Organization. is an RNA virus that has become major public health concern after outbreak Middle East Respiratory Syndrome‐CoV (MERS‐CoV) and Severe Acute (SARS‐CoV) 2002 2012, respectively. As 29 October 2020, total number COVID‐19 cases had reached over 44 million worldwide, with more than 1.17 confirmed deaths. Discussion infected patients usually present severe viral pneumonia. Similar to SARS‐CoV, enters respiratory tract cells via angiotensin‐converting enzyme receptor 2. The structural proteins play essential role budding particles released from different host cells. To date, approved vaccine or treatment option preventive character avoid courses still not available. Conclusions In study, we provide brief review general biological features CoVs explain pathogenesis, clinical symptoms diagnostic approaches regarding monitoring future infectivity prevent emerging infections.

Language: Английский

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Placental histopathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 100468 - 100468

Published: Aug. 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Their Impact on Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Vaccines

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

With the high rate of COVID-19 infections worldwide, emergence SARS-CoV-2 variants was inevitable. Several mutations have been identified in genome, with spike protein as one mutational hot spots. Specific amino acid substitutions such D614G and N501Y were found to alter transmissibility virulence virus. The WHO has classified fitness-enhancing concern (VOC), interest (VOI) or under monitoring (VUM). VOCs pose an imminent threat they exhibit higher transmissibility, disease severity ability evade vaccine-induced natural immunity. Here we review landscape on structural non-structural proteins their impact diagnostics, therapeutics vaccines. We also look at effectiveness approved vaccines, antibody therapy convalescent plasma currently prevalent VOCs, which are B.1.17, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2 B.1.1.529. further discuss possible factors influencing mutation rates future directions.

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: April 1, 2023

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronaviruses-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus. Most cases of COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms, including cough, fever, myalgias, headache. On the other hand, this coronavirus can lead complications death in some cases. Therefore, vaccination most effective tool prevent eradicate disease. Also, rapid diagnostic tests are critical identifying COVID-19. The pandemic has dynamic structure on agenda contains up-to-date developments. This article comprehensively discussed situation since it first appeared. For time, not only structure, replication mechanism, variants SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Omicron, Delta, Epsilon, Kappa, Mu, Eta, Zeta, Theta, lota, Lambda) but also all details pandemic, such as how came out, spread, current cases, what precautions should be taken, prevention strategies, vaccines produced, developed, drugs used reviewed every aspect. Herein, comparison for terms procedure, accuracy, cost, time been presented. safety, efficacy, effectiveness against evaluated. Drug studies, therapeutic targets, various immunomodulators, antiviral molecules applied patients with reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in China

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 1339 - 1349

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Vaccine hesitancy seriously hinders herd immunity. We explored the determinants of parental to vaccinate children against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.A population-based self-administered online questionnaire evaluating vaccinating their COVID-19 was conducted Taizhou, China. Of 2463 parents who received invitation, 1788 (72.6%) responded survey.Of repondents, 52.5% were hesitant. Mothers exhibited a greater proportion vaccine than fathers did (57.5% vs. 41.7%, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that with under 18 years age (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.90-0.99), lower knowledge scores about vaccination (Q1: OR 1.92, 1.37-2.69; Q2: 1.51, 1.10-2.08), awareness permission 1.74, 1.36-2.23) and inoculate themselves 8.18, 6.48-10.33) associated children. Results also revealed disparity between mothers regarding factors.This study found substantial reported being hesitant COVID-19, implying necessity comprehensive assessment health education programs for systems

Language: Английский

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Basophils and Mast Cells in COVID-19 Pathogenesis

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 2754 - 2754

Published: Oct. 14, 2021

Basophils and mast cells are among the principal inducers of Th2 responses have a crucial role in allergic anti-parasitic protective immunity. can function as antigen-presenting that bind antigens on their surface boost humoral immune responses, inducing cell differentiation. Their depletion results lower memory activation greater infection susceptibility. seem to an active upon response SARS-CoV-2. In fact, coordinate adaptive SARS-CoV-2 is magnified by basophils. It has been observed basophil amount during acute disease with respect recovery phase grade this important determinant antibody virus. Moreover, cells, present great quantity nasal epithelial lung participate first hyperinflammatory syndrome through release inflammatory molecules, participating "cytokine storm" and, longer period, pulmonary fibrosis. The literature data suggest counts may be useful prognostic tool for COVID-19, since reduction associated worse prognosis. Mast other hand, represent possible therapeutic target reducing airway inflammation characteristic hyperacute disease.

Language: Английский

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Phytocompounds as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro through computational studies

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 3456 - 3465

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

The inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) and papain-like (PLpro) prevents viral multiplications; these enzymes have been recognized as one the most favorable targets for drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2. In present study, we screened 225 phytocompounds in 28 different Indian spices to identify compounds potential inhibitors SARS-CoV-2 Mpro PLpro. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding free energy calculations, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion toxicity (ADMET) studies were done. Based on affinity, behavior, energies, study identifies pentaoxahexacyclo-dotriacontanonaen-trihydroxybenzoate derivative (PDT), rutin, dihyroxy-oxan-phenyl-chromen-4-one (DOC), luteolin-7-glucoside-4'-neohesperidoside promising PLpro, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Predictive Value of Systemic Immune-Inflammation index and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Objective: It was initially reported that a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) had been identified in Wuhan, China, December 2019.To date, COVID-19 is still threatening all humanity and has affected the public healthcare system world economic situation. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) also demonstrated associated with severity of COVID-19, but little known about systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) relation COVID-19. Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients diagnosed including non-severe cases (n = 77) severe 48) were enrolled this study. Each patient clinical characteristic information, blood routine parameters, haemogram-derived ratios collected, calculated, retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) performed to investigate whether these parameters could be used predictive value Results: White cell count (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), red volume distribution width (RDW), NLR, Platelet lymphocyte (PLR), neutrophil-to-platelet (NPR), SII significantly higher groups than group (p < 0.01).Conversely, markedly decreased count, basophil (Baso#) (RBC), Hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) (P 0.01).ROC curve analysis showed AUC, optimal cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity NLR early predict severe-patients 0.867, 7.25, 70.83%, 92.21% 0.860, 887.20, 81.25%, 81.82%, respectively. Conclusion The results suggest potential new biomarker

Language: Английский

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An updated overview of recent advances, challenges, and clinical considerations of IL-6 signaling blockade in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 105, P. 108536 - 108536

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Associations between Serum Interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and Disease Severity of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 15

Published: April 30, 2022

Background. To investigate the association between interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) disease severity of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Materials Methods. We systematically searched records investigating role in COVID-19 patients Web Science, Pubmed, Embase through December 2020. Data were extracted pooled, weighted mean difference (WMD) its 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated. The funnel plot nonparametric trim fill method used to visualize adjust publication bias. Results. In total, 61 studies enrolled 14,136 subjects (14,041 95 healthy subjects) this meta-analysis. Our results showed that serum IL-10 levels elevated compared controls, increased severe cases nonsevere patients. Additionally, IL-1β, IL-8 nonsurvivor survivors. For intensive care unit (ICU), IL-6 than non-ICU Conclusions. Elevated associated with COVID-19, related prognosis patients, which could be evaluate patients’ prognosis.

Language: Английский

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