Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 55(3), P. 105924 - 105924

Published: Feb. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus infections and immune responses

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 92(4), P. 424 - 432

Published: Jan. 25, 2020

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive-sense RNA viruses having an extensive range natural hosts. In past few decades, newly evolved have posed a global threat to public health. The immune response is essential control and eliminate CoV infections, however, maladjusted responses may result in immunopathology impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Gaining deeper understanding interaction between innate systems hosts shed light on development persistence inflammation lungs hopefully can reduce risk lung caused CoVs. this review, we provide update infections relevant diseases, particularly host defense against CoV-induced tissue, as well role system pathogenesis clinical treatment.

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: June 23, 2020

In recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika Nipah and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a type of viral infection Wuhan City, China, initial genomic sequencing data this virus do not match previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility other routes should be ruled out.

Language: Английский

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Rapid Detection of COVID-19 Causative Virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Human Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens Using Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensor

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 5135 - 5142

Published: April 15, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously called 2019-nCoV). Based on the rapid increase in rate of infection, World Health Organization (WHO) has classified COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic. Because no specific drugs or vaccines for are yet available, early diagnosis and management crucial containing outbreak. Here, we report field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensing device detecting SARS-CoV-2 clinical samples. The sensor was produced coating graphene sheets FET with antibody against spike protein. performance determined using antigen protein, cultured virus, nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients. Our could detect protein at concentrations 1 fg/mL phosphate-buffered saline 100 transport medium. In addition, successfully detected culture medium (limit detection [LOD]: 1.6 × 101 pfu/mL) samples (LOD: 2.42 102 copies/mL). Thus, have fabricated promising biosensor SARS-CoV-2; our highly sensitive immunological diagnostic method that requires sample pretreatment labeling.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: July 12, 2021

Abstract Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on therapeutic outcomes. Chronic inflammation facilitates progression treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often stimulates the maturation dendritic cells (DCs) antigen presentation, leading anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, multiple signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Janus kinase/signal transducers activators transcription (JAK-STAT), toll-like receptor (TLR) cGAS/STING, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); factors, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL), interferon (IFN), necrosis (TNF)-α), chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) C-X-C (CXCLs)), growth factors vascular endothelial (VEGF), transforming (TGF)-β), inflammasome; well metabolites prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), have been identified pivotal regulators initiation resolution inflammation. Nowadays, local irradiation, recombinant cytokines, neutralizing antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, DC vaccines, oncolytic viruses, TLR agonists, SPM developed specifically modulate in cancer therapy, with some these already undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we discuss crosstalk between processes. We also highlight potential targets for harnessing cancer.

Language: Английский

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Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 28, 2020

Since its discovery in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 180 000 people worldwide and caused 150 deaths as of April 16, 2020. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus causing disease 2019 (COVID-19), uses angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) a cell receptor to invade human cells. Thus, ACE2 key understanding mechanism SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study investigate expression various tissues order provide insights into infection.We compared levels across 31 normal between males females younger (ages ≤ 49 years) older > persons using two-sided Student's t test. We also investigated correlations immune signatures Pearson's correlation test.ACE2 were highest small intestine, testis, kidneys, heart, thyroid, adipose tissue, lowest blood, spleen, bone marrow, brain, blood vessels, muscle. showed medium lungs, colon, liver, bladder, adrenal gland. was not differentially expressed or any tissue. In skin, digestive system, positively associated with both females. thyroid negatively females, respectively, lungs they had positive negative groups, respectively.Our data indicate that may infect other aside from different sexes, ages, races equally. The host responses infection partially explain why young old this have markedly distinct severity. provides new role pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms

Gut, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(6), P. 1002 - 1009

Published: March 24, 2020

Objective The SARS-CoV-2-infected disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Previous studies mainly focused on Wuhan and typical symptoms. We analysed 74 confirmed COVID-19 cases with GI symptoms in the Zhejiang province determine epidemiological, clinical virological characteristics. Design hospital patients were admitted from 17 January 2020 8 February 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, management outcome data of using multivariate analysis for risk severe/critical type. Bioinformatics used analyse features SARS-CoV-2 province. Results Among enrolled 651 patients, (11.4%) presented at least one symptom (nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea), average age 46.14 years, 4-day incubation period 10.8% had pre-existing liver disease. Of symptoms, (22.97%) 23 (31.08%) types family clustering, respectively, significantly higher than those without 47 (8.14%) 118 (20.45%). 29 (39.19%), (31.08%), (10.81%) 16 (21.62%) rates fever >38.5°C, fatigue, shortness breath headache, respectively. Low-dose glucocorticoids antibiotics administered 14.86% 41.89% Sputum production increased lactate dehydrogenase/glucose levels factors showed sequence mutation m 6 A methylation changed binding capacity ACE2. Conclusion report novel outside Wuhan. Attention non-classic should increase protect health providers.

Language: Английский

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The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 25 - 32

Published: May 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 1123 - 1130

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it has rapidly spread across many other countries. While majority patients were considered mild, critically ill involving respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome are not uncommon, which could result death. We hypothesized that cytokine storm is associated with severe outcome. enrolled 102 COVID-19 who admitted to Renmin Hospital (Wuhan, China). All classified into moderate, critical groups according their symptoms. 45 control samples healthy volunteers also included. Inflammatory cytokines C-Reactive Protein (CRP) profiles serum analyzed by specific immunoassays. Results showed have higher level (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 IL-10) CRP than individuals. Within patients, IL-10 levels significantly group (n = 17) moderate 42) 43) group. The positively correlated amount (r 0.41, P < 0.01). Using univariate logistic regression analysis, found be predictive severity receiver operating curve analysis further confirm this (AUC 0.841, 0.822 respectively). Our indicated more development. Among them, can used as predictors for fast diagnosis risk deterioration. Given high induced SARS-CoV-2, treatment reduce inflammation-related lung damage critical.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients

National Science Review, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 998 - 1002

Published: March 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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