A Conversation with ChatGPT about the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Education: Comparative Review Based on Human–AI Collaboration

Educational Process International Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Background/purpose -ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot designed with generative pre-trained transformer architecture, have intrigued millions of people from diverse backgrounds since its first release, and generated excitement groundbreaking performance in numerous use cases they been tested.Its ability to generate coherent contextually relevant responses across a wide range topics also attracted the attention researchers, several scholars investigated potential uses this AI-based tool promote scientific work.The current study was similar purpose, aimed conduct research on effects COVID-19 pandemic education collaborative analysis humanartificial intelligence.Materials/methods -The data were simultaneous interviews ChatGPT-3.5 4, their evaluated comparatively terms accuracy, clarity, conciseness, breadth information provided for (1) definition pandemic, (2) negative impact education, (3) positive (4) recommendations improve effectiveness teaching learning during pandemic.We using trichotomous rating system, calculated Cohen's kappa values assess inter-rater agreements each category evaluation.Results results indicated that both versions demonstrated strong accurate, clear concise satisfactory breadth.As can be expected, ChatGPT-4 more categorized synthesized information, better at demonstrating critical reasoning.Conclusion -These indicate ChatGPT is promising support process collaboration human intelligence, newer could developed way these chatbots ethically safely integrated into different stages work.

Language: Английский

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Oral GS-441524 derivatives: Next-generation inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 6, 2022

GS-441524, an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, is a 1′-CN-substituted adenine C-nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, the low oral bioavailability of GS‐441524 poses challenge to its anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy. Remdesivir, intravenously administered version (version 1.0) first FDA-approved agent for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. clinical trials have presented conflicting evidence on value remdesivir in COVID-19. Therefore, GS-441524 derivatives (VV116, ATV006, and GS-621763; 2.0, targeting highly conserved viral RdRp) could be considered as game-changers treating COVID-19 because administration has potential maximize benefits, including decreased duration reduced post-acute sequelae infection, well limited side effects such hepatic accumulation. This review summarizes current research related provides important insights into factors underlying controversial observations regarding efficacy remdesivir; overall, it offers effective launching pad developing GS-441524.

Language: Английский

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Quality of Life in COVID-Related ARDS Patients One Year after Intensive Care Discharge (Odissea Study): A Multicenter Observational Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 1058 - 1058

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Investigating the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge is necessary to identify possible modifiable risk factors. The primary aim this study was investigate HRQoL in COVID-19 critically ill patients one year ICU discharge.

Language: Английский

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Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g. ischaemia, microbleeds infection) alter cellular physiologic processes within the neurovascular unit contribute cognitive dysfunction. COVID-19 has posed significant complications during acute convalescent stages in multiple organ systems, including brain. Cognitive impairment is prevalent complication patients, irrespective of severity SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, overwhelming evidence from vitro, preclinical clinical studies reported SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies components are associated with impairment. Neurovascular disruption alters coupling response, critical mechanism regulates cerebromicrovascular blood flow meet energetic demands locally active neurons. Normal processing achieved through response involves coordinated action cells (i.e. neurons glia) cell types endothelia, smooth muscle pericytes). However, current work on COVID-19-induced yet investigate as causal factor. Hence, this review, we aim describe SARS-CoV-2's effects how they can impact decline disease. Additionally, explore potential therapeutic interventions mitigate Given great both individuals public health, necessity effort fundamental scientific research application becomes imperative. This integrated endeavour crucial mitigating deficits induced by its subsequent burden especially vulnerable population.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy with the oXiris Hemofilter on Critically Ill Patients: A Narrative Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(22), P. 6719 - 6719

Published: Nov. 13, 2022

Critically ill patients with sepsis and severe COVID-19 are commonly characterized by a dysregulated immune response an acute kidney injury. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is now proposed as promising adjuvant to treat these critically removing cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated patterns from the blood. Although multiple hemofilters, including high-cutoff membranes, oXiris hemofilter, CytoSorb hemoadsorption device, Toraymyxin hemoperfusion cartridge, have been used in current clinical practice, use of hemofilter particular interest because it only kind that can provide therapy, remove endotoxins, adsorb cytokines simultaneously. During past five years, growing body literature has shown CRRT improve hemodynamics organ function decrease endotoxins both septic patients. Here, we performed narrative review describe development history discuss therapeutic effect oXiris-CRRT on searching PubMed, Web Science, clinicaltrials.gov databases for articles published inception 8 September 2022 (updated 1 November) English language restriction. We also summarized knowledge anticoagulation techniques safety concerns when delivering sessions.

Language: Английский

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The effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on cardiac function in post‐COVID‐19 survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

The longitudinal trajectories of cardiac structure and function following SARS-CoV-2 infection are unclear. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to elucidate the effect on in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors after recovery. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up 1st August 2022. A systematic review performed calculate pooled effects size 95% confidence interval each outcome. total 21 studies including 2394 individuals (1436 post-COVID-19 cases 958 controls) included present meta-analysis. analyses compared with control groups showed a significant association between reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF), LV end-diastolic volume EDV), stroke SV), mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), global strain, right EF (RV RV EDV, ESV, SV, tricuspid excursion, increased mass. Subgroup analysis based severity COVID-19 acute phase subsequent chronic outcomes revealed that EF, MAPSE, ESV only decreased patients history intensive care unit admission. Cardiac impairment persisted recovered even 1 year. Future warranted determine biological mechanisms underlying long-term cardiovascular consequences COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Interplay of TLR4 and SARS-CoV-2: Unveiling the Complex Mechanisms of Inflammation and Severity in COVID-19 Infections

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 5077 - 5091

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract: The late 2019 emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative agent COVID-19, caused profound and unprecedented disruption to global socio-economic structure, negatively affecting millions lives worldwide. A typical hallmark severe COVID-19 is hyper inflammation due aberrant cytokine release (cytokine storm) by innate immune cells. Recent studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2, through its spike (S) protein, can activate body's cells via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR4. In silico demonstrated S protein binds with high affinity TLR4, triggering downstream signaling processes result in pro-inflammatory release. Compared other TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4 plays a more significant role initiating sustaining inflammatory response associated COVID-19. Furthermore, interactions between virus target enhance cellular expression making susceptible viral subsequent inflammation. This increased upon entry creates feedback loop, where heightened levels lead amplified responses, contributing severity disease. Additionally, TLR4's potent activation pathways sets it apart from underscoring pivotal pathogenesis this review, we thoroughly explore multitude regulatory SARS-CoV-2 employs incite We specifically focus on critical impact compared highlighting how exacerbate By delving into mechanisms TLR4-mediated inflammation, aim shed light potential therapeutic targets could mitigate damage Understanding unique context infection pave way for novel treatment strategies inhibit receptor's activity, thereby reducing overall disease burden improving patient outcomes. Keywords: storm, toll-like receptor 4, hyperinflammation, ACE2 receptors, immunity

Language: Английский

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Repurposing clinically available drugs and therapies for pathogenic targets to combat SARS‐CoV‐2

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: May 14, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected a large portion of the global population, both physically and mentally. Current evidence suggests that rapidly evolving subvariants risk rendering vaccines antibodies ineffective due to their potential evade existing immunity, with enhanced transmission activity higher reinfection rates could lead new outbreaks across globe. goal viral management is disrupt life cycle as well relieve severe symptoms such lung damage, cytokine storm, organ failure. In fight against viruses, combination genome sequencing, elucidation structure proteins, identifying proteins are highly conserved multiple coronaviruses revealed many molecular targets. addition, time- cost-effective repurposing preexisting antiviral drugs or approved/clinical for these targets offers considerable clinical advantages COVID-19 patients. This review provides comprehensive overview various identified pathogenic pathways corresponding repurposed COVID-19. These findings provide insight into discovery novel therapeutic strategies be applied control emanating from SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Language: Английский

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Mechanism of Multi-Organ Injury in Experimental COVID-19 and Its Inhibition by a Small Molecule Peptide

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 30, 2022

Severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection often progresses to multi-organ failure and results in an increased mortality rate amongst these patients. However, underlying mechanisms of SARS- CoV-2-induced subsequent death are still largely unknown. Cytokine storm, levels inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, infiltration cells into the organs contribute pathogenesis COVID-19. One potential consequence immune/inflammatory events is acute progression generalized edema, which may lead death. We, therefore, examined involvement water channels development edema multiple their contribution organ dysfunction a Murine Hepatitis Virus-1 (MHV-1) mouse model Using this model, we recently reported pathological abnormalities animal similar that humans with infection. We now identified alteration protein AQPs 1, 4, 5, 8 associated oxidative stress, along various degrees tissue organs, correlate well survival post-MHV-1 Furthermore, our newly created drug (a 15 amino acid synthetic peptide, known as SPIKENET) was designed prevent binding spike glycoproteins receptor(s), angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) (SARS-CoV-2 MHV-1, respectively), ameliorated reversed altered stress Collectively, findings suggest possible aquaporins likely mediated by virus-induced response, COVID- 19 SPIKENET therapeutic option.

Language: Английский

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Development and Internal Validation of a New Prognostic Model Powered to Predict 28-Day All-Cause Mortality in ICU COVID-19 Patients—The COVID-SOFA Score

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(14), P. 4160 - 4160

Published: July 18, 2022

Background: The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score has poor discriminative ability for death in severely or critically ill patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Our aim was to create a new powered predict 28-day mortality. Methods: Retrospective, observational, bicentric cohort study including 425 COVID-19 pneumonia, acute respiratory and SOFA ≥ 2 ICU admission ≥72 h. Factors independent predictive value mortality were identified after stepwise Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression. Based on the regression coefficients, an equation computed representing COVID-SOFA score. Discriminative tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, concordance statistics precision-recall curves. This internally validated. Results: Median (Q1−Q3) age whole sample 64 [55−72], 290 (68.2%) of being male. 54.58%. After PH regression, age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) remained final model. following computed: = 10 × [0.037 Age + 0.347 ln(NLR) 0.16 SOFA]. Harrell’s C-index higher than alone (0.697 [95% CI; 0.662−0.731] versus 0.639 CI: 0.605−0.672]). Subsequently, prediction error rate improved up 16.06%. Area under ROC (AUROC) significantly compared mortality: 0.796 0.755−0.833] 0.699 0.653−0.742, p < 0.001]. Better observed repeated measurement at 48 h Conclusions: is better prediction. Improvement seen measurements suggests that can be used repetitive manner. External validation required support these results.

Language: Английский

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