EG.5 (Eris) and BA.2.86 (Pirola) two new subvariants of SARS-CoV-2: a new face of old COVID-19

Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 337 - 343

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Impact of African-Specific ACE2 Polymorphisms on Omicron BA.4/5 RBD Binding and Allosteric Communication Within the ACE2–RBD Protein Complex

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1367 - 1367

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurs via the attachment of spike (S) protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD) to human ACE2 (hACE2). Natural polymorphisms in hACE2, particularly at interface, may alter RBD–hACE2 interactions, potentially affecting viral infectivity across populations. This study identified effects six naturally occurring hACE2 with high allele frequency African population (S19P, K26R, M82I, K341R, N546D and D597Q) on interaction S protein RBD BA.4/5 Omicron sub-lineage through post-molecular dynamics (MD), inter-protein dynamic residue network (DRN) analyses. Inter-protein analysis suggested that K26R variation, highest aligns reports enhanced increased SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Conversely, S19P, showing fewest interactions largest distances, agrees studies indicating it hinders binding. The M82I substitution destabilized reducing contact from 92 (WT) 27. K341R variant, located distally, had allosteric contacts compared WThACE2. polymorphism has been linked affinity for Alpha, Beta Delta lineages. DRN analyses revealed networks, especially key residues involved enzyme activity Notably, S19P weaken hACE2–RBD while showed reduced centrality zinc chloride-coordinating residues, hinting impaired communication pathways. Overall, our findings show affect stability modulate influencing infectivity—key insights vaccine therapeutic development.

Language: Английский

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The Omicron variant of concern: The genomics, diagnostics, and clinical characteristics in children

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Since WHO announced the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has undergone several mutations, with most recent variant first identified South Africa November 2021, of concern (VOC B.1.1.529) named by as Omicron. To date, it more mutations compared to previous variants, particularly, S gene that encodes spike protein, which can cause target failure some PCR kits. its discovery, Omicron caused a sharp rise cases worldwide and was responsible for record 15 million new reported globally single week, although this may be an underestimate. January 2022, subvariants variable genetic characteristics, BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.12.2 have been identified, countries reporting BA.1.1 major subvariant (27.42%), followed BA.2 (25.19%). At begining May BA.2.12.1 mostly (42%) detected United States. Like adults, clinical manifestations children are similar variants consisting fever, cough, vomiting, breathing difficulties, diarrhea, reports on croup-like symptoms seizures. Though presents apparently milder disease than Delta variant, is significantly contagious hospitalizations, especially unvaccinated younger 5 years or incompletely vaccinated adults. However, there insufficient evidence yet distinguish from other based solely manifestations, therefore, review brief literature current data related

Language: Английский

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Passive Immunotherapy Against SARS-CoV-2: From Plasma-Based Therapy to Single Potent Antibodies in the Race to Stay Ahead of the Variants

BioDrugs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 231 - 323

Published: April 27, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is now approaching 2 years old, with more than 440 million people infected and nearly six dead worldwide, making it the most significant since 1918 influenza pandemic. severity significance of SARS-CoV-2 was recognized immediately upon discovery, leading to innumerable companies institutes designing generating vaccines therapeutic antibodies literally as soon recombinant spike protein sequence available. Within months start, several had been generated, tested, moved into clinical trials, including Eli Lilly's bamlanivimab etesevimab, Regeneron's mixture imdevimab casirivimab, Vir's sotrovimab, Celltrion's regdanvimab, bebtelovimab. These all have received at least Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) some full approval in select countries. To date, three dozen or antibody combinations forwarded trials. target receptor-binding domain (RBD), blocking ability RBD bind human ACE2, while others core regions modulate stability fuse host cell membranes. While these were being discovered developed, new variants cropped up real time, altering landscape on a moving basis. Over past year, search has widened find capable neutralizing wide array that arisen, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron. recent rise dominance Omicron family variants, rather disparate BA.1 BA.2 demonstrate need continue approaches neutralize rapidly evolving virus. This review highlights both convalescent plasma- polyclonal antibody-based well top approximately 50 SARS-CoV-2, their epitopes, how they are delivered. New constructs, single antibodies, bispecific IgA- IgM-based modified ACE2-Fc fusion proteins, also described. Finally, developed for palliative care disease, ramifications cytokine release syndrome (CRS) acute respiratory distress (ARDS),

Language: Английский

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants: current situation and future trends

Infezioni in Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has been the most recent of concern (VOC) established by World Health Organization (WHO). Because its greater infectivity and immune evasion, this quickly became dominant type circulating worldwide. Our literature review thoroughly explains current state emergence, particularly comparing different omicron subvariants, including BA.2, BA.1, BA.3. Such elaboration would be based on structural variations, mutations, clinical manifestation, transmissibility, pathogenicity, vaccination effectiveness. notable difference between three subvariants is insufficiency deletion (Δ69-70) in spike protein, which results a lower detection rate (S) gene target known as failure (SGTF). Furthermore, BA.2 had stronger affinity to human Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (hACE2) receptor than other sub-lineages. Regarding number BA.1.1 (40), followed BA.3, BA.3 with 39, 34, 31 respectively. In addition, have transmissibility sub-lineages (BA.1 BA.1.1). These characteristics are primarily responsible for Omicron's vast geographical spread high contagiousness rates,

Language: Английский

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