The salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiomes are associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and disease severity

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(2)

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Emerging evidence suggests the oral and upper respiratory microbiota may play important roles in modulating host immune responses to viral infection. As microbiome be involved pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we investigated associations between nasopharyngeal COVID-19 severity. We collected saliva (n = 78) swab 66) samples from a cohort characterized microbiomes using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. also examined salivary age, symptoms, blood cytokines. Severe acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection status, but not severity, was associated with community-level differences microbiomes. Salivary alpha diversity negatively correlated age were fever diarrhea. Oral Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Solobacterium depleted patients severe COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal Paracoccus while Proteus, Cupravidus, Lactobacillus increased Further analysis revealed that abundance Bifidobacterium plasma concentrations known biomarkers interleukin 17F monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Our results suggest severity is relative certain bacterial taxa.

Language: Английский

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The nuts and bolts of recombination in the generation of SARS-CoV-2 variants; from XA to XBB

Letters in Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 77(8)

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new variants with enhanced transmissibility and pathogenicity have surfaced. The World Health Organization has designated five such variants—Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529)—as concern. Each variant exhibits distinct characteristics, many displaying a combination point mutations insertions/deletions (indels). These genetic alterations, including mutations, recombinations, rearrangements, contribute to strains that may exhibit modified phenotypes. However, identifying recombinant forms can be challenging due their resemblance other lineages. It is critical monitor evolution variants, particularly in light potential for vaccine-resistant accelerated propagation. Recombination played pivotal role development certain SARS-CoV-2 as XA, XD, XF, XE, XBB, among others. This report delves into significance recombination especially sublineages, underscoring necessity continuous surveillance genome identify newly emerged variants.

Language: Английский

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Antibody Response Following the Intranasal Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-CpG Oligonucleotide Vaccine

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 5 - 5

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

The new coronavirus infection causes severe respiratory failure following tract with acute syndrome-related (SARS-CoV-2). All currently approved vaccines are administered intramuscularly; however, intranasal administration enhances mucosal immunity, facilitating the production of a less invasive vaccine fewer adverse events. Herein, recombinant combining SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), or S1 protein, CpG-deoxyoligonucleotide (ODN) aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvants was intranasally subcutaneously to mice. Serum-specific IgG titers, IgA titers in alveolar lavage fluid, and neutralizing antibody were analyzed. nasal RBD did not increase serum fluid. However, significant observed group CpG-ODN subcutaneous alum. levels increased significantly fluid only after CpG-ODN. bronchoalveolar higher S1-CpG than every other group. Hence, CpG adjuvant might represent an effective candidate.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the Antibody Imprinting Hypothesis among Canadian Paramedics after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Circulation

ImmunoHorizons, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 193 - 197

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Recent research has highlighted the Omicron variant’s capacity to evade immune protection conferred by wild-type (WT) mRNA vaccines. Despite this observation, potential involvement of antigenic sin phenomena remains unclear. Our hypothesis posited that a greater number prior WT vaccine doses might lead reduced anti-Omicron neutralization Abs following infection. To investigate this, we analyzed blood samples from human participants in COVID-19 Occupational Risk, Seroprevalence, and Immunity among Paramedics (CORSIP) study who had received at least one before contracting Omicron. The exposure variable was vaccines administered, outcome angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) percent inhibition specific BA.4/BA.5 Ag. Contrary expectations, our findings revealed more WT-based were associated with an enhanced Omicron-specific response.

Language: Английский

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From oncogenes to tumor suppressors: The dual role of ncRNAs in fibrosarcoma

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 258, P. 155329 - 155329

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Raman Fingerprints of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants: Molecular Roots of Virological Characteristics and Evolutionary Directions

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 2226 - 2251

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

The latest RNA genomic mutation of SARS-CoV-2 virus, termed the Omicron variant, has generated a stream highly contagious and antibody-resistant strains, which in turn led to classifying as variant concern. We systematically collected Raman spectra from six subvariants available Japan (i.e., BA.1.18, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, XE, BA.2.75) applied machine-learning algorithms decrypt their structural characteristics at molecular scale. Unique fingerprints sulfur-containing amino acid rotamers, purines pyrimidines, tyrosine phenol ring configurations, secondary protein structures clearly differentiated subvariants. These spectral characteristics, were linked infectiousness, transmissibility, propensity for immune evasion, revealed evolutionary motifs be compared with outputs studies. availability "metabolomic snapshot", was then translated into barcode enable prompt subvariant identification, opened way rationalize real-time activity variability. As proof concept, we procedure nasal swab sample retrieved patient identified its by coupling commercially magnetic bead technology our newly developed analyses.

Language: Английский

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Recent progress on drugs discovery study for treatment of COVID-19: repurposing existing drugs and current natural bioactive molecules

Applied Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Abstract COVID-19 has been a major global health concern for the past three years, and currently we are still experiencing coronavirus patients in following years. The virus, known as SARS-CoV-2, shares similar genomic identity with previous viruses such SARS-CoV MERS-CoV. To combat pandemic, modern drugs discovery techniques silico experiments docking virtual screening have employed to design new against COVID-19. However, release of human use requires two safety assessment steps consisting preclinical clinical trials. bypass these steps, scientists exploring potential repurposing existing treatment. This approach involves evaluating antiviral activity previously used treating respiratory diseases other enveloped HPV, HSV, HIV. aim this study is review drugs, traditional medicines, active secondary metabolites from plant-based natural products that target specific protein enzymes related SARS-CoV-2. also analyzes chemical structure relationship between selected molecules, particularly flavonol groups, ligands proteins or sites

Language: Английский

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Molecular, Immunological, and Clinical Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Breakthrough-Infected Healthcare Workers During the Last Wave of The Pandemic in Shiraz, Iran

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a threat to the global economy and public health. Mutations in spike protein of virus can impact functional characteristics effectiveness vaccines. Objectives: This study aimed analyze mutations three key regions protein, investigate clinical presentations, assess protective immune levels healthcare workers (HCWs) who had received full vaccine doses but were re-infected. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 49 breakthrough-infected HCWs included from November 2021 May 2022. After confirming COVID-19 reinfection, SARS-CoV-2 genome was extracted using ROJE extraction kit, genetic variation analysis performed through Sanger sequencing. Blood samples collected with prior consent, ELISA tests determine antibody levels. Clinical presentations recorded, independent t-tests revealed no significant gender-based differences C-terminal point mutation. Results: 75.5% (37/49) female (P-value < 0.05), 25 qualified for PCR gene observed 25, 10, 1 sequence(s) domain, N-terminal RBD S1 gene, respectively. correlation patient's gender, age, or occupation, they significantly more prevalent those underlying diseases. 63.3% (31/49) patients high very IgG levels, none undetectable at time reinfection. Loss sense smell (69.4% - 34/49), sore throat (65.3% 32/49), headache (59.2% 29/49), cough (57.1% 28/49) most manifestations (P > 0.05) HCWs, aligning pattern symptoms seen Omicron wave. However, loss taste showed results concerning manifestation 0.05). examination presence variant majority individuals. Point region did not vary based on type. No difference between types symptoms. Conclusions: conclusion, identified reinfections among vaccinated workers. While prevalent, correlations found demographics types. Symptoms resembled variant, notably as marker. Detectable post-reinfection suggest that vaccine-induced immunity remains robust. Continuous monitoring variants is crucial optimizing vaccination strategies face evolving strains.

Language: Английский

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Prospects of Innovative Therapeutics in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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An ARMS-Multiplex PCR Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sub-Variants

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1017 - 1017

Published: Aug. 6, 2023

As of November 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant had made its appearance, gradually replacing predominant Delta variant. Since emergence, has been continuously evolving through more than 500 strains, most which belong to five sub-variants known as BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. The aim this study was develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that will be able distinguish basic in rapid specific way. Full genome sequences strains with high frequency wide geographical distribution were retrieved by NCBI Virus ENA databases. These compared each other order locate single nucleotide polymorphisms common all same sub-variant. should also capable distinguishing not only from but previously circulating variants well. Thus, primers targeting characteristic four main branches BA.5 designed according principles amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) ability react under PCR conditions. According our results, ARMS-multiplex could successfully carry corresponding mutations.

Language: Английский

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