Evaluating Soil Degradation in Agricultural Soil with Ground-Penetrating Radar: A Systematic Review of Applications and Challenges

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 852 - 852

Published: April 15, 2025

Soil degradation is a critical challenge to global agricultural sustainability, driven by intensive land use, unsustainable farming practices, and climate change. Conventional soil monitoring techniques often rely on invasive sampling methods, which can be labor-intensive, disruptive, limited in spatial coverage. In contrast, non-invasive geophysical techniques, particularly ground-penetrating radar, have gained attention as tools for assessing properties. However, an assessment of radar’s applications research—particularly detecting structural changes related degradation—remains undetermined. To address this issue, systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. A search across Scopus Web Science databases, well relevant articles study reference lists, up 31 December 2024. This process resulted 86 potentially studies, 24 met eligibility criteria were included final review. The analysis revealed that radar allows detection associated with tillage practices heavy machinery traffic lands, namely topsoil disintegration compaction, both are important indicators degradation. These variations reflected electrical permittivity reflectivity, above horizon. shifts lower water content, increased homogeneity, heightened wave reflectivity at upper boundary compacted soil. latter linked density contrasts waterlogging layer. Additionally, has demonstrated its potential mapping alterations preferential flow pathways, organic carbon distribution, identifying disruptions root systems due tillage, conditions affected excessive fertilization iron oxide-rich soils. Future research should focus refining methodologies improve ability quantify processes greater accuracy. particular, there need standardized experimental protocols evaluate effects monocultures fertility, assess impact acidity, integrate complementary remote sensing holistic approach health monitoring.

Language: Английский

Assessing conditions to scale up private investment in forest restoration

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 37 - 72

Published: May 6, 2025

Forest restoration (FR) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires private investment. We estimated the area of degraded forestland with investment conditions favoring FR 115 LMICs. examined a base scenario, driven by wood markets influenced seven conditions, “natural climate solutions” (NCS) carbon six conditions. have found that barely half restorable third NCS has at least four favorable (i.e., total number). In both scenarios, less than 1% all favorable. Locations more tend to greater potential generate local livelihood benefits global or biodiversity benefits. Of 59 LMICs made national commitments restore under Bonn Challenge, which goal 350 million hectares 2030, commitment whose exceeds our estimate country’s This discrepancy implies those cannot rely solely on achieve their commitments. Scaling up coordinated public-sector investments policy interventions improve ensure generates environmental

Language: Английский

Management of sustainable land use projects in accordance with EU requirements

Scientific Horizons, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 148 - 161

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis management sustainable land use development projects in Ukraine and EU countries develop recommendations for improving Ukrainian practices accordance with requirements European Union. methodology based on systematic approach included statistical data, an expert survey, calculation integral index compliance requirements. focused three key aspects: restoration degraded land, introduction organic farming, water management. results revealed that is lagging behind all parameters under study. In area it found restored (8.4% total land) almost twice less than average studied (16.8%). Investments (310 EUR/ha) are only 39% (792 EUR/ha). farming showed share (1.1% agricultural area) 6 times lower (6.7%). number certified producers (3.2 per 100,000 population) 6.4 countries. field management, irrigation efficiency (60%) significantly (77.4%), drip (5.2%) 3.5 (18%). (56 points) lags (82.4 points). Based identified differences successful countries, set has been developed improve Ukraine. Key include comprehensive national strategy, creation specialised financing funds, economic incentives, modernisation monitoring systems, harmonisation standards EU, large-scale educational campaigns. emphasises need approaches managing bring them closer ensure efficient resources

Language: Английский