The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 830, P. 154629 - 154629
Published: March 22, 2022
Language: Английский
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 885, P. 163699 - 163699
Published: May 4, 2023
Seaweed (macroalgae) has attracted attention globally given its potential for climate change mitigation. A topical and contentious question is: Can seaweeds' contribution to mitigation be enhanced at meaningful scales? Here, we provide an overview of the pressing research needs surrounding role seaweed in current scientific consensus via eight key challenges. There are four categories where been suggested used mitigation: 1) protecting restoring wild forests with co-benefits; 2) expanding sustainable nearshore aquaculture 3) offsetting industrial CO2 emissions using products emission abatement; 4) sinking into deep sea sequester CO2. Uncertainties remain about quantification net impact carbon export from restoration farming sites on atmospheric Evidence suggests that contributes storage sediments below farm sites, but how scalable is this process? Products aquaculture, such as livestock methane-reducing Asparagopsis or low food resources show promise mitigation, yet footprint abatement remains unquantified most products. Similarly, purposely cultivating then biomass open ocean raises ecological concerns concept poorly constrained. Improving tracing sinks a critical step accounting. Despite accounting uncertainties, provides many other ecosystem services justify conservation uptake will contribute United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, caution verified associated sustainability thresholds needed before large-scale investment projects.
Language: Английский
Citations
68
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(6), P. 1945 - 1971
Published: July 12, 2023
The conservation, restoration, and improved management of terrestrial forests significantly contributes to mitigate climate change its impacts, as well providing numerous co-benefits. pressing need reduce emissions increase carbon removal from the atmosphere is now also leading development natural solutions in ocean. Interest sequestration potential underwater macroalgal growing rapidly among policy, corporate sectors. Yet, our understanding whether can lead tangible mitigation remains severely limited, hampering their inclusion international policy or finance frameworks. Here, we examine results over 180 publications synthesise evidence regarding forest potential. We show that research efforts on macroalgae are heavily skewed towards particulate organic (POC) pathways (77% data publications), fixation most studied flux (55%). Fluxes directly (e.g. export burial marine sediments) remain poorly resolved, likely hindering regional country-level assessments potential, which only available 17 150 countries where occur. To solve this issue, present a framework categorize coastlines according Finally, review multiple avenues through translate into capacity, largely depends interventions above baseline avoid further emissions. find restoration afforestation potentially order 10's Tg C globally. Although lower than current estimates value all habitats (61-268 year-1 ), it suggests could add total coastal blue ecosystems, offer valuable opportunities polar temperate areas currently low. Operationalizing will necessitate models reliably estimate proportion production sequestered, improvements fingerprinting techniques, rethinking accounting methodologies. ocean provides major adapt change, largest vegetated habitat Earth should not be ignored simply because does fit existing
Language: Английский
Citations
64
Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 552 - 559
Published: May 22, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
25
Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 105788 - 105788
Published: Aug. 15, 2023
As interest in natural climate mitigation solutions continues to grow, there is an essential role for coastal and ocean ecosystems ("blue carbon") play. To meet targets, however, it crucial that human actions protect or restore blue carbon sinks are based on solid science actionable management opportunities increase reduce emissions from ecosystem loss. Here, we reaffirm the of wetlands opportunities. We update state regarding existing pathways explore expanding new systems. Specifically, analyze those categorize as "emerging" (e.g., interventions involving macroalgae - both cultivated wild, tidal flats, marine sediments) where action may be able these sinks, but currently have insufficient information ensure their benefit additional. revisit "non-actionable" calcifying organisms fauna) scientific evidence clear no benefit, too uncertain claim can definitively sinks. With limited funding action, critical efforts focus projects with most potential. Blue only one piece challenge, important one. Continued research investment developing policy warranted emerging At same time, world must continue work decrease rapidly, invest other solutions, scale renewable energy technologies.
Language: Английский
Citations
36
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2016)
Published: Feb. 7, 2024
Ecological communities can be stable over multiple generations, or rapidly shift into structurally and functionally different configurations. In kelp forest ecosystems, overgrazing by sea urchins abruptly forests alternative states that are void of macroalgae primarily dominated actively grazing urchins. Beginning in 2014, a urchin outbreak along the central coast California resulted patchy mosaic remnant interspersed with barrens. this study, we used 14-year subtidal monitoring dataset invertebrates, algae, fishes to explore changes community structure associated loss forests. We found spatial barrens region-wide structure. However, magnitude taxonomic-level consequences were spatially heterogeneous. Taxonomic diversity declined across region, but there no declines richness for any group, suggesting compositional redistribution. Baseline ecological environmental conditions, behaviour, explained persistence through stressors. These results indicate heterogeneity preexisting conditions explain patterns change.
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Kelp forests may contribute substantially to ocean carbon sequestration, mainly through transporting kelp away from the coast and into deep sea. However, it is not clear if how detritus transported across continental shelf. Dense shelf water transport (DSWT) associated with offshore flows along seabed provides an effective mechanism for cross-shelf transport. In this study, we determine DSWT in exporting beyond edge, by considering of simulated sinking a region Australia's Great Southern Reef. We show that main transports past export negligible when does occur. find 51% per year or 17-29% accounting decomposition while transit This more than initial global estimates. Because occurs many mid-latitude locations around world, where are also most productive, could be considerably larger initially expected.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9
Published: Aug. 11, 2022
To keep global surface warming below 1.5°C by 2100, the portfolio of cost-effective CDR technologies must expand. evaluate potential macroalgae CDR, we developed a kelp aquaculture bio-techno-economic model in which large quantities would be farmed at an offshore site, transported to deep water “sink site”, and then deposited sequestration horizon (1,000 m). We estimated costs associated emissions nursery production, permitting, farm construction, ocean cultivation, biomass transport, Monitoring, Reporting, Verification (MRV) for 1,000 acre (405 ha) “baseline” project located Gulf Maine, USA. The baseline applies current systems cultivation (100 m) exposed sites using best available modeling methods. calculated levelized unit CO 2 eq (LCOC; $ tCO -1 ). Under assumptions, LCOC was $17,048 . Despite annually sequestering 628 within sink only able net 244 C credits (tCO eq) each year, true “additionality” rate (AR) 39% (i.e., ratio produced gross sequestered biomass). As result optimizing 18 key parameters identified range literature, fell $1,257 AR increased 91%, demonstrating that substantial cost reductions could achieved through process improvement decarbonization production supply chains. Kelp may limited high energy intensive operations, as well MRV uncertainty. resolve these challenges, R&D (1) de-risk designs maximize lease space, (2) automate seeding harvest processes, (3) leverage selective breeding increase yields, (4) assess cost-benefit gametophyte culture both platform driver operating reductions, (5) decarbonize equipment chains, usage, sourcing electricity from renewables employing low GHG impact materials with long lifespans, (6) develop low-cost accurate techniques ocean-based CDR.
Language: Английский
Citations
32
Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9
Published: Feb. 22, 2022
A high resolution coastal and ocean hydrodynamic model system was used to investigate the transport deposition patterns of Particulate Organic Matter (POM) from kelp farmed at three locations different properties: a sheltered location, an exposed offshore location. Published values on sinking speeds organic particles were used, spanning several orders magnitude. Recent work quantifying release particulate matter link carbon possible cultivation volumes scenarios, finally this potential for loading floor. The results are presented in terms distribution per unit harvested kelp, estimates compared with natural (background) primary production. According simulation results, may be transported anything few (hundred) meters up hundred km away site, depending rates, time release, depth which settles sea floor likewise depends properties sites. until settlement varied minutes hours. underscore importance constraining dispersal detritus order better understand quantify associated environmental risks posed by loading, seafloor sequestration farming as nature based climate solution.
Language: Английский
Citations
31
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 890, P. 164430 - 164430
Published: May 27, 2023
The role of macroalgae (seaweed) as a global contributor to carbon drawdown within marine sediments - termed 'blue carbon' remains uncertain and controversial. While studies are needed validate the potential for macroalgal‑carbon sequestration in coastal sediments, fundamental questions regarding fate dislodged macroalgal biomass need be addressed. Evidence suggests may advected deposited other vegetated ecosystems down deep ocean; however, contributions near-shore waters remain uncertain. In this study combination eDNA metabarcoding surficial sediment sampling informed by seabed mapping from different physical environments was used test presence south-eastern Australia, factors influencing patterns transport deposition. DNA products total 68 taxa, representing all major groups (Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta) were successfully detected at 112 locations. These findings confirm exported into suggest donors could both speciose diverse. Modelling suggested that deposition, organic (TOC), influenced complex interactions between several environmental including water depth, grain size, wave orbital velocity, current speed, direction, extent infralittoral zone around depositional areas. Extrapolation optimised model predict spatial deposition TOC across coastline identify potentially important sinks. This builds on recent providing empirical evidence deposits framework predicting distribution sinks informing future surveys aimed determining long-term sediments.
Language: Английский
Citations
19
Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6)
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract The Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is a hotspot global warming and many fjords experience continuous increase in seawater temperature glacial melt while sea‐ice cover declines. In 1996/1998, 2012–2014, 2021 macroalgal biomass species diversity were quantified at the study site Hansneset, Kongsfjorden (W‐Spitsbergen) order to identify potential changes over time. 2021, we repeated earlier studies by stratified random sampling (1 × 1 m 2 , n = 3) along sublittoral depth transect (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 m) investigated lower limits dominant brown algae between 3 19 m. maximum fresh weight (FW) all seaweeds was 11.5 kg −2 2.5 99.9% constituted kelp. Although distribution not significantly different compared 2012/2013, digitate kelp community ( Laminaria digitata / Hedophyllum nigripes ) had transformed into an Alaria esculenta ‐dominated forest. Consequently, pronounced shift forest structure occurred time as demonstrate that allocation thallus parts species‐specific. Over past decade, demography changed balanced age kelps (juveniles plus older individuals) only apparent addition, abundances declined noticeably last 25 years red algal flora abundance remained unchanged depth. We propose major factor driving observed are alterations underwater light climate, situ data showed increasing turbidity decreasing irradiance since 2012 2017, respectively. As consequence, interplay retreat levels caused coastal darkening gain with temperatures will possibly intensify future unforeseen consequences for melting coasts fjord ecosystem services.
Language: Английский
Citations
8