Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(11), P. 981 - 989

Published: July 26, 2020

Individual differences are central in behavior, ecology, and evolution, because they determine which selective factors relevant for an individual interaction with its environment; yet ecological niches have rarely been studied on level.The subset of the species' niche realized by is called individualized implemented three major processes: choice, conformance, construction.Infochemicals can differ between individuals empower realization niche. Combining hormones semiochemicals under term infochemicals highlights their common function information transfer within or organisms.We give several examples how chemical mediators, including hormones, pheromones, allelochemicals, essential across animal kingdom. Infochemicals, play a role mediating shaping interactions individuals. Due to high plasticity, predestined mediators facilitating organisms. Only recently it has become clear that understand why realize tiny Moreover, both adjustment evolutionary adaptation rapidly changing world. Here we highlight act as key signals cues through proposed construction. Ecological (see Glossary) long considered n-dimensional hypervolumes populations species [1.Hutchinson G.E. Concluding remarks.Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 1957; 22: 415-427Crossref Google Scholar], whereby dimensions environmental conditions resources defined requirements all population species. Recently recognized variation plasticity should be integrated into concept [2.Layman C.A. et al.Individual-level specialization populations: emerging areas study.Oecologia. 2015; 178: 1-4Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Scholar]. Each realizes just population's [3.Devictor V. al.Defining measuring specialization.J. Appl. Ecol. 2010; 47: 15-25Crossref (437) same might occupy multiple local fitness optima, leading divergent selection [4.Wagner A. The Origins Of Evolutionary Innovations: A Theory Transformative Change Living Systems. Oxford University Press, 2011Crossref Thus, comprehensive concept, included. For such integration need physiological circumstances modulate resulting phenotypic [5.Smith B.R. Blumstein D.T. Fitness consequences personality: meta-analysis.Behav. 2008; 19: 448-455Crossref (871) environment results via processes, namely construction (Figures 1 2). When chooses best match phenotype, shows choice. Niche conformance occurs when adjusts phenotype given environment. process modifies according needs, also affect other [6.Clark A.D. al.Niche affects variability strength natural selection.Am. Nat. 2020; 195: 16-30Crossref (10) All processes offspring facilitate better environment, enhancing individual's fitness. successful realization, appropriate communication crucial. most ancient way use chemicals chemoreception. Such may convey individual, semiochemicals, mediate Whereas traditionally seen synonymous [7.Dicke M. Sabelis M.W. Infochemical terminology: based cost-benefit analysis rather than origin compounds.Funct. 1988; 2: 131-139Crossref propose unifying (Figure age, omnipresence, involved niches, but this link so far neglected. We suggest adjustments coded realization. Integrating these will allow deeper understanding when, how, phenotypes adaptively modulated meet needs. Here, focus Our conceptual approach likewise apply living beings.Figure 2Infochemicals That Mediate Information Individuals.Show full captionDifferent classes impacts In pheromones conspecifics, allelochemicals different niche.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Different Hormones ubiquitous often structurally highly conserved [8.Lockard M.A. al.Oxytocin mediated behavior invertebrates: perspective.Dev. Neurobiol. 2017; 77: 128-142Crossref (24) Scholar,9.Das D. Arur S. Conserved insulin signaling regulation oocyte growth, development, maturation.Mol. Reprod. 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Beetle dimorphism - making bad lot.Am. 1982; 119: 420-426Crossref locusts Schistocerca gregaria), individual-specific about titers. These influence phase transition solitary gregarious accompanied further behavioral, morphological, [13.Tanaka mechanisms controlling body-color polymorphism locusts.Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2001; 139-149Crossref (79) Scholar,14.Verlinden H. al.Endocrinology reproduction locusts.Gen. Comp. 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Oceanogr. 1994; 39: 788-796Crossref Scholar]UnknownInduced defense tadpolesBufo bufoCommon toad tadpole[47.Hettyey al.Predator-induced defence vertebrate.J. Anim. 88: 1925-1935Crossref (9) constructionaNote hormoneCaste determinationApis melliferaHoneybee[64.Huang Z.-Y. honey bee rate biosynthesis.J. 1991; 37: 733-741Crossref (141) hormoneDecision foraging laying foundress associationsPogonomyrmex californicusCalifornian harvester ant[65.Dolezal A.G. al.Worker division labor physiology associated ant, Pogonomyrmex californicus.J. Exp. 215: 454-460Crossref (47) Scholar]Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, prolactinNest-building behaviorOryctolagus cuniculusRabbit[66.González-Mariscal G. Neuroendocrinology maternal rabbit.Horm. 40: 125-132Crossref (39) Scholar]Mesotocinergic-vasotocinergic systemNest-building behaviorTaeniopygia guttataZebra finch[20.Hall Z.J. nonapeptides dopamine nest-building behaviour.J. 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Individuals low aggressiveness conform situations either queuing strategies, realizing thereby distinct niches. An involvement observed, bees (Megalopta genalis, Bombus impatiens) adjust organization. Dominant females daughters limitation offspring, daughters. make more likely helpers workers reproductives [17.Kapheim K.M. Nutritional, endocrine, origins behavior.Curr. 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