Ectopic calcifications in the musculoskeletal field: the basis for preventive and curative pharmacological strategies

Clinical Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Vascular calcification: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Abstract Vascular calcification (VC) is recognized as a pathological vascular disorder associated with various diseases, such atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, well chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it life‐threatening state for human health. There were several studies targeting mechanisms of VC that revealed the importance smooth muscle cells transdifferentiating, phosphorous and calcium milieu, matrix vesicles on progress VC. However, underlying molecular need to be elucidated. Though there no acknowledged effective therapeutic strategy reverse or cure clinically, recent evidence has proved not passive irreversible comorbidity but an active process regulated by many factors. Some available approaches mechanism provide promising prospects therapy This review aims summarize novel findings interventions VC, including role inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron homeostasis, metabolic imbalance, some related signaling pathways progression. We also conclude controversial in clinical practice channel blockers, renin–angiotensin system inhibitions, statins, bisphosphonates, denosumab, vitamins, ion conditioning agents.

Language: Английский

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Atherosclerosis Calcification: Focus on Lipoproteins

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 457 - 457

Published: March 21, 2023

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in vessel wall, leading to formation an atheroma and eventually development vascular calcification (VC). Lipoproteins play central role atherosclerosis VC. Both low- very low-density lipoproteins (LDL VLDL) lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) stimulate, while high-density (HDL) reduce Apolipoproteins, protein component lipoproteins, influence VC multiple ways. Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), main HDL, has anti-calcific properties, apoB apoCIII, components LDL VLDL, respectively, promote The also related their metabolism modifications. Oxidized (OxLDL) are more pro-calcific than native LDL. Oxidation converts HDL from anti- pro-calcific. Additionally, enzymes such as autotaxin (ATX) proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), involved metabolism, have stimulatory In summary, better understanding mechanisms which apolipoproteins contribute will be crucial effective preventive therapeutic strategies for its associated cardiovascular disease.

Language: Английский

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Hypomagnesemia as a Risk Factor and Accelerator for Vascular Aging in Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 306 - 306

Published: Feb. 19, 2023

The age-old axiom that one is as old his or her vessels are, calls for ongoing critical re-examination of modifiable risk factors accelerated vascular ageing in chronic kidney diseases. Attempts to modulate with cholesterol-lowering agents have largely failed advanced disease (CKD). In addition nitrogen waste products, many pathological biochemical processes also play a role calcification damage. Magnesium, cation vital the body, may substantially reduce cardiovascular diseases’ and progression. This narrative review aimed address relationship between hypomagnesemia calcification, which promotes further complications diabetes, aging, CKD. Articles predefined keywords were searched PubMed Google Scholar databases specific inclusion exclusion criteria. We hypothesized decrease serum magnesium levels contributes increased thereby increases mortality. summary, based on existing evidence literature, it appears simple inexpensive oral supplementation mortality patients who are already severely affected by such diseases; this context, concept ‘normal’ vs. ‘ideal’ should be carefully re-examined.

Language: Английский

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The Complex Mechanisms and the Potential Effects of Statins on Vascular Calcification: A Narrative Review

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 51 - 51

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Vascular calcification (VC) is a complex process of calcium deposition on the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaques involves interaction between vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammatory VC mediators. The latter are independent predictors cardiovascular morbidity mortality potential targets pharmaceutical therapy. This paper narrative review mechanisms development in this context anti-atherosclerotic effects statins. At initial stages atherosclerosis correlates with burden long-term mortality. A plethora animal clinical studies have proposed statins as cornerstone primary secondary prevention disease. Based coronary computed tomography data, high doses may negligible or even positive progression artery calcification. Growing data support an increase plaque peripheral arteries (e.g., carotids), after long-term, statin-therapy. Despite paradox increasing VC, those been associated higher stability, reducing risk consequent adverse events. Statins seem to promote "favorable" calcification, suppressing lesion expansion their vulnerability. More required clarify underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Predictive nomogram model for severe coronary artery calcification in end-stage kidney disease patients

Renal Failure, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(2)

Published: June 14, 2024

Introduction The Agatston coronary artery calcification score (CACS) is an assessment index for (CAC). This study aims to explore the characteristics of CAC in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients and establish a predictive model assess risk severe patients.

Language: Английский

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SGK3 promotes vascular calcification via Pit-1 in chronic kidney disease

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 861 - 878

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Rationale: Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused mainly by hyperphosphatemia.However, the regulation of VC remains unclear despite extensive research.Although serum-and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 3 (SGK3) regulate sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters intestine and kidney, its effect on CKD unknown.Additionally, type III cotransporter-1 (Pit-1) plays significant role development induced high vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).However, it whether SGK3 regulates Pit-1 how exactly promotes via at molecular level.Thus, we investigated certified outflow vein arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) aortas uremic mice.Methods Results: In our study, using mice, observed upregulation calcium deposition veins AVF aortas, increase expression was positively correlated aortas.In vitro, downregulation reversed VSMCs phenotype switching phosphate.Mechanistically, activation enhanced mRNA transcription through NF-κB, downregulated ubiquitin-proteasome mediated degradation inhibiting activity neural precursor expressing developmentally protein 4 subtype 2 (Nedd4-2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase.Moreover, under stimulation, uptake independent increased Pit-1.Our co-immunoprecipitation vitro assays confirmed that interacts Thr468 loop7, leading to uptake.Conclusion: Thus, justifiable conclude enhancing activities Pit-1, which indicate could be therapeutic target for CKD.

Language: Английский

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Associations between oxidation balance score and abdominal aortic calcification, and the mediating role of glycohemoglobin: a nationally representative cross-sectional study from NHANES

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Background Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is prevalent among middle-aged and elderly populations, elevating the risk of cardiovascular cerebrovascular events. Leveraging data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Our aim was to evaluate whether subjective interventions could influence AAC scores by modifying antioxidant/pro-oxidant status individuals investigate role glycohemoglobin in this relationship. Methods The study analyzed 1,600 U.S. adults. used oxidation balance score (OBS) as an exposure variable derived 16 dietary 4 lifestyle factors, well obtained blood tests. main outcome measure AAC, which evaluated dual-energy X-ray absorption quantified Kauppila scoring system. Results mean (SD) age patients 56.53 (10.90) years, with female predominance (50.22%). According weighted linear regressions not adjusted for covariates, were lower third fourth quartile groups OBS than first group (Q3: coefficients [coef], −0.92 [95% CI, −1.64 to-0.20], p = 0.017; Q4: −0.97 −1.86 ~ −0.08; < 0.035]). regression subgroup analyses, there no significant OBS-AAC correlations males ( > 0.05), but females 0.05). Smooth fitting curves showed more trend change negative correlation between postmenopausal women premenopausal women. In further mediation identified mediator relationship oxidative AAC. Conclusion This revealed scores, particularly partly mediated glycohemoglobin.

Language: Английский

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Endothelial injury is one of the risk factors for the progression of vascular calcification in patients receiving maintenance dialysis

Renal Failure, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(1)

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Vascular calcification is common and progressive in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the risk factors associated progression of vascular receiving maintenance dialysis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to evaluate identify its hemodialysis. This a prospective longitudinal study that included 374 The participants received assessments coronary artery (CAC) abdominal aortic (AAC), as measured by computed tomography. After baseline investigation, 2 years follow-up was performed. We also detected markers endothelial injury [E-selectin soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)]. Finally, affecting CAC AAC were examined multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among patients, median [interquartile range (IQR)] age 54.0 (40.0-62.0) years; 59.9% male. (IQR) time 1.9 (1.8-2.0) for all patients. By end 2-year follow-up, (including AAC) observed 58.0% Further, compared without calcification, E-selectin sICAM-1) markedly enhanced. Moreover, after adjustment confounders, factor calcification. present indicated one

Language: Английский

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Analysis of the relationship between abdominal aortic calcification and frailty in the middle-aged and older US population

Preventive Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 102994 - 102994

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Background and Objective: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a marker of cardiovascular disease associated with increased mortality in middle-aged older populations. However, its relationship frailty remains unclear. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2013-2014 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. AAC was quantified using Kauppila scoring system based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Frailty assessed index. Multivariable logistic regression models examined association between frailty. Results: A total 2987 adults aged ≥40 years included. Compared to individuals an AAC-8 score 0, low-risk (AAC-8 = 1-2; OR: 1.24; 95 % CI, 1.00-1.53) high-risk ≥ 3; 1.83; 1.03-3.23) higher odds Similarly, mild moderate (0 < AAC-24 ≤ 6; 1.26; 1.03-1.54) severe (AAC-24 > 1.79; 1.07-2.99) showed positive associations Conclusions: Among populations United States, there exists correlation Our findings suggest that holds promise as valuable tool for early identification

Language: Английский

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