Ovarian Cancer—Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Estrogen Receptors’ Molecular Backgrounds

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 4611 - 4611

Published: May 12, 2025

Global epidemiological reports indicate a steady increase in the tendency to develop ovarian cancer. The symptoms of cancer are non-specific, and there is no effective screening tool. Most often, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, alone or combination, used treat We have better understanding biology cancer, genetic basis hereditary stage disease, role cytoreductive surgery more which translates into an percentage patients who survive 5 years after diagnosis. A growing body evidence points factors development It known that mutations BRCA1 gene responsible for increased risk developing other disorders, such as polymorphic variants, increasing still being investigated. Ovarian hormone-dependent its steroid hormones estrogens. Estrogens affect cells through estrogen receptors ERα ERβ. An imbalance between ERβ receptor expression may, therefore, be key step estrogen-dependent carcinogenesis. In 60% cases, significantly elevated levels detected. encoded by ESR1 gene, so polymorphisms can considered molecular markers This article discusses epidemiology, pathogenesis, factors, testing, treatment, diagnosis well providing overview standard treatment approaches new, targeted biologic therapies.

Language: Английский

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Cancer cells’ chamber of secrets: the link between micronuclei, chromothripsis and malignancy

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

Micronuclei exhibit defective proteomes rendering their chromatin vulnerable to fragmentation. This fragmentation process, known as chromothripsis, promotes tumorigenesis by catalysing the activation of oncogenes and silencing tumor suppressors. With this role in mind, micronuclei serve promising targets for therapeutic intervention. review will explore recent discoveries regarding how form, function chromothripsis provides a selective advantage cancer cells.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering Chromosomal Translocation Mechanisms: The Influence of Radiation Type and Chromatin Architecture

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 9, 2025

Microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of (radiation-induced) DNA damage, repair, chromosomal aberration (CHA) formation, and the spatiotemporal coordination these processes. Advances in microscopy, computational methods, molecular biophysics have enabled investigation mechanisms down to nanoscopic—single-molecule—level intact cells. A key milestone radiation-induced misrepair was discovery that chromatin architecture plays a fundamental multifaceted role all In this chapter, we examine how radiation energy deposition within domains initiates cascade events, from generation specific damage patterns repair processes can ultimately result CHA formation. We address three critical questions: (a) different types ionizing (IR) induce (b) responds irradiation at individual double-strand break (DSB) sites as an interconnected system during (c) contribute formation CHAs. Special emphasis is placed on translocations (CHTs), clinically significant class CHAs associated with development leukemia solid tumors.

Language: Английский

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Autophagy as a potential therapeutic target in regulating improper cellular proliferation

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 15, 2025

Autophagy is a degradative process that makes rapid turnover of old and impaired proteins organelles possible. It highly instigated by stress signals, like starvation, contributes to the cell’s homeostasis. performs crucial function in keeping cell genomic integrity stable. Impaired autophagic flux implicated neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal ageing, cancerous diseases. In diseases cancer, autophagy dualistic function; it can have both tumor-suppressive supportive role. initial phases tumorigenesis maintains genome and, if fails, leads death, thus having Meanwhile, also imparts pro-survival mechanism latter stages supports cells surviving conditions hypoxia increased oxidative stress. helps develop drug resistance some cases. Thus, modulation possible therapeutic strategy cancer therapy as its inhibition sensitise anti-cancerous drugs. The promotion autophagy, cases, safeguard from toxic protein aggregation enhanced Excessive result death. regulates several cellular processes death pathways, apoptosis. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge regulating molecules critically important. Pharmaceutical small or target help modulate context specific disease conditions.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in pathology: Digital transformation, precision medicine, and beyond

Journal of Pathology Informatics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100408 - 100408

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Pathology, a cornerstone of medical diagnostics and research, is undergoing revolutionary transformation fueled by digital technology, molecular biology advancements, big data analytics. Digital pathology converts conventional glass slides into high-resolution images, enhancing collaboration efficiency among pathologists worldwide. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) algorithms with improves diagnostic accuracy, particularly in complex diseases like cancer. Molecular pathology, facilitated next-generation sequencing (NGS), provides comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic insights disease mechanisms, guiding personalized therapies. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays pivotal role biomarker discovery, refining classification prognostication. Precision medicine integrates pathology's findings individual genetic, environmental, lifestyle factors to customize treatment strategies, optimizing patient outcomes. Telepathology extends services underserved areas through remote pathology. Pathomics leverages analytics extract meaningful from advancing our understanding therapeutic targets. Virtual autopsies employ non-invasive imaging technologies revolutionize forensic These innovations promise earlier diagnoses, tailored treatments, enhanced care. Collaboration across disciplines essential fully realize the transformative potential these advancements practice research.

Language: Английский

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