Chinese Medical Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
137(5), P. 508 - 523
Published: Jan. 24, 2024
Abstract
The
brain
is
a
complex
organ
that
requires
precise
mapping
to
understand
its
structure
and
function.
Brain
atlases
provide
powerful
tool
for
studying
circuits,
discovering
biological
markers
early
diagnosis,
developing
personalized
treatments
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
Neuromodulation
techniques,
such
as
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
deep
stimulation,
have
revolutionized
clinical
therapies
However,
the
lack
of
fine-scale
limits
precision
effectiveness
these
techniques.
Advances
in
neuroimaging
machine
learning
techniques
led
emergence
stereotactic-assisted
neurosurgery
navigation
systems.
Still,
individual
variability
among
patients
diversity
diseases
make
it
necessary
develop
solutions.
article
provides
an
overview
recent
advances
individualized
navigated
neuromodulation
discusses
methodological
profiles,
advantages,
disadvantages,
future
trends
concludes
by
posing
open
questions
about
development
neuromodulation.
npj Parkinson s Disease,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Jan. 8, 2020
Abstract
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
the
second
most
common
progressive
neurodegenerative
disease,
affecting
1–2%
of
people
over
65.
The
classic
motor
symptoms
PD
result
from
selective
degeneration
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra
pars
compacta
(SNpc),
resulting
a
loss
their
long
axonal
projections
to
striatum.
Current
treatment
strategies
such
as
dopamine
replacement
and
deep
brain
stimulation
(DBS)
can
only
minimize
nigrostriatal
degeneration,
not
directly
replace
lost
pathway.
Regenerative
medicine-based
solutions
are
being
aggressively
pursued
with
goal
restoring
levels
striatum,
several
emerging
techniques
attempting
reconstruct
entire
pathway—a
key
recreate
feedback
pathways
ensure
proper
regulation.
Although
many
pharmacological,
genetic,
optogenetic
treatments
developed,
this
article
focuses
on
evolution
transplant
therapies
for
PD,
including
fetal
grafts,
cell-based
implants,
more
recent
tissue-engineered
constructs.
Attention
given
cell/tissue
sources,
efficacy
date,
future
challenges
that
must
be
overcome
enable
robust
translation
into
clinical
use.
Emerging
regenerative
medicine
developed
using
derived
autologous
stem
cells,
enabling
construction
patient-specific
constructs
tailored
particular
extent
degeneration.
In
upcoming
era
restorative
neurosurgery,
may
SNpc
neurons,
restore
axon-based
inputs
ameliorate
deficits.
These
provide
transformative
scalable
solution
permanently
neuroanatomy
improve
lives
millions
afflicted
by
PD.
Brain stimulation,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 1507 - 1516
Published: July 29, 2020
BackgroundBeta-based
adaptive
Deep
Brain
Stimulation
(aDBS)
is
effective
in
Parkinson's
disease
(PD),
when
assessed
the
immediate
post-implantation
phase.
However,
potential
benefits
of
aDBS
patients
with
electrodes
chronically
implanted,
whom
changes
due
to
microlesion
effect
have
disappeared,
are
yet
be
assessed.MethodsTo
determine
acute
effectiveness
and
side-effect
profile
PD
compared
conventional
continuous
DBS
(cDBS)
no
stimulation
(NoStim),
years
after
implantation,
13
undergoing
battery
replacement
were
pseudo-randomised
a
crossover
fashion,
into
three
conditions
(NoStim,
or
cDBS),
2-min
interval
between
them.
Patient
videos
blindly
evaluated
using
short
version
Unified
Disease
Rating
Scale
(subUPDRS),
Speech
Intelligibility
Test
(SIT).ResultsMean
duration
was
16
years,
mean
time
since
DBS-implantation
6.9
years.
subUPDRS
scores
(11
tested)
significantly
lower
both
(p=<.001),
cDBS
(p
=
.001),
NoStim.
Bradykinesia
subscores
.002),
did
not
achieve
significance
during
.08),
Two
demonstrated
re-emerging
tremor
aDBS.
SIT
who
presented
stimulation-induced
dysarthria
worsened
.009),
but
.407),
Overall,
applied
48.8%
aDBS.ConclusionBeta-based
bradykinetic
phenotypes,
delivers
less
than
cDBS,
potentially
has
more
favourable
speech
profile.
Patients
prominent
may
require
modified
strategy.
Neurology Research International,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2021, P. 1 - 16
Published: June 29, 2021
Chronic
pain
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
disability
and
disease
burden
worldwide,
accounting
for
a
prevalence
between
6.9%
10%
in
general
population.
Pharmacotherapy
alone
results
ineffective
about
70-60%
patients
terms
satisfactory
degree
relief.
Focused
ultrasound
promising
tool
chronic
management,
being
approved
thalamotomy
neuropathic
bone
metastases-related
treatment.
FUS
noninvasive
technique
neuromodulation
tissue
ablation
that
can
be
applied
to
several
tissues.
Transcranial
(tFUS)
lead
opposite
biological
effects,
depending
on
stimulation
parameters:
from
reversible
neural
activity
facilitation
or
suppression
(low-intensity,
low-frequency
ultrasound,
LILFUS)
irreversible
(high-intensity
focused
ultrasounds,
HIFU).
HIFU
at
central
nervous
system
level
treatment
facet
joint
osteoarthritis
peripheral
level.
Potential
applications
include
spinal
cord
selected
cases
refractory
pain,
knee
osteoarthritis,
sacroiliac
disease,
intervertebral
disc
nucleolysis,
phantom
limb,
nerves.
nonablative
dosage,
LILFUS,
has
potential
tissue-selective
effects.
doses
currently
are
research
stage.
The
main
targeted
drug
gene
delivery
through
Blood-Brain
Barrier,
assessment
thresholds
study
nerve
conduction
block.
aim
present
review
describe
technology
field
management.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: April 7, 2022
Deep
brain
stimulation
is
an
established
treatment
for
movement
disorders
such
as
Parkinson's
disease,
essential
tremor,
and
dystonia.
However,
various
complications
that
occur
after
deep
are
a
major
concern
patients
neurosurgeons.This
study
aimed
to
analyze
stimulation.We
reviewed
the
medical
records
of
with
disorder
who
underwent
bilateral
between
2000
2020.
Among
them,
requiring
revision
surgery
were
analyzed.A
total
426
disorder.
The
primary
disease
was
in
315
patients,
followed
by
dystonia
71
tremor
40
patients.
Twenty-six
(6.1%)
had
surgery;
most
common
complication
infection
(12
2.8%).Various
may
stimulation,
patient
prognosis
should
be
improved
reducing
complications.
PLoS Computational Biology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
16(7), P. e1008023 - e1008023
Published: July 6, 2020
In
this
study,
we
propose
a
new
open-source
simulation
platform
that
comprises
computer-aided
design
and
engineering
tools
for
highly
automated
evaluation
of
electric
field
distribution
neural
activation
during
Deep
Brain
Stimulation
(DBS).
It
will
be
shown
how
Volume
Conductor
Model
(VCM)
is
constructed
examined
using
Python-controlled
algorithms
generation,
discretization
adaptive
mesh
refinement
the
computational
domain,
as
well
incorporation
heterogeneous
anisotropic
properties
tissue
allocation
neuron
models.
The
utilization
facilitated
by
collection
predefined
input
setups
quick
visualization
routines.
accuracy
VCM,
created
optimized
platform,
was
estimated
comparison
with
commercial
software.
results
demonstrate
no
significant
deviation
between
models
in
potential
distribution.
A
qualitative
estimation
different
physics
VCM
shows
an
agreement
previous
studies.
proposed
suitable
accurate
fields
DBS
scientific
modeling
future,
intend
to
acquire
SDA
EMA
approval.
Successful
software,
controlled
in-house
developed
algorithms,
provides
solution.
allows
optimization
uncertainty
quantification
(UQ)
studies,
while
employment
software
facilitates
accessibility
reproducibility
simulations.
Annals of Neurology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
90(5), P. 699 - 710
Published: July 8, 2021
In
Parkinson's
disease,
both
motor
and
neuropsychiatric
complications
unfold
as
a
consequence
of
incremental
striatal
dopaminergic
denervation
intensifying
long-term
treatment.
Together,
this
leads
to
'dopaminergic
sensitization'
steadily
increasing
behavioral
responses
medication
that
result
in
the
detrimental
sequalae
We
review
clinical
presentations
sensitization',
including
rebound
off
dyskinesia
domain,
fluctuations
addictions
with
impulse
control
disorders
dopamine
dysregulation
syndrome
domain.
summarize
state-of-the-art
deep
brain
stimulation,
show
STN-DBS
allows
be
tapered,
thus
supporting
desensitization.
framework,
we
develop
our
integrated
debatable
viewpoint
"changing
gears",
is
suggest
rethinking
earlier
use
subthalamic
nucleus
when
first
signs
or
emerge
over
progressive
disease
course.
sense,
stimulation
may
help
reduce
longitudinal
symptom
expression
-
importantly,
not
by
neuroprotection
but
desensitization
through
postoperative
reduction.
Therefore,
considering
early
enough
before
patients
encounter
potentially
irreversible
psychosocial
consequences
complications,
importantly
patient
shows
complications.
propose
consider
new
inclusion
criterion
addition
established
criteria,
concept
will
require
validation
future
trials.
ANN
NEUROL
2021;90:699-710.