Governing abandoned land: Storylines on natural forest regrowth in France and Spain

Environmental Science & Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 135, P. 58 - 66

Published: May 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Bridging Social Innovation with Forest and Landscape Restoration

Environmental Policy and Governance, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 520 - 531

Published: July 22, 2022

Abstract Mitigating climate change, preventing mass species extinctions, improving rural livelihoods, and disaster risk reduction are among today's most urgent challenges. To meet these challenges, a large number of social actors need to agree engage act collectively on Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR), ensuring its dual goal restoring ecological functionality people's wellbeing. Although FLR has gained momentum globally, the experiences so far continue face socio‐economic governance challenges associated with design realization effective efforts. Social Innovation (SI) can be seen contemporarily as process result interaction between stakeholders in construction solutions needs problems, including those tackled by FLR. Here, using content analysis approach applied existing literature, we propose five possible conceptual bridges SI. The Innovative – (SI‐FLR) advocates that sustainable livelihood should attended first ensure Social‐Ecological Systems' resilience. These are: (1) “Landscape main context”; (2) “Nature need”; (3) stewardship groups”; (4) “Governance capabilities”; (5) “Adapting transforming enhance resilience.” Identifying bridges, will help decision‐makers project managers improve initiatives supporting potential SI sparking interest other researchers explore many possibilities SI‐FLR.

Language: Английский

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Can natural forest expansion contribute to Europe's restoration policy agenda? An interdisciplinary assessment

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 34 - 45

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Abstract Natural forest expansion (NFE), that is, the establishment of secondary on non-forested land through natural succession, has substantially contributed to widespread forests in Europe over last few decades. So far, EU policies have largely neglected potential NFE for meeting policy objectives restoration. Synthesising recent interdisciplinary research, this paper assesses challenges and opportunities view contributing European ecosystem Specifically, we discuss supporting climate change mitigation adaptation, biodiversity conservation, forestry economic use, summarize current knowledge about societal perceptions policymaking NFE, make recommendations better use NFE. We conclude contribute restoration agenda if local contexts possible trade-offs are properly considered.

Language: Английский

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Managing forest regeneration and expansion at a time of unprecedented global change

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57(12), P. 2310 - 2315

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Forests provide fundamental ecosystems services to mitigate climate change and support biodiversity but they are seriously threated by local human pressures the outcomes of global (Trumbore et al., 2015). According FAO estimates, some 420 million hectares forest have been lost since 1990, although rate deforestation has decreased over past three decades from 16 × 106 ha/year in 1990s 10 2015 2020 (FAO, 2020). There is, however, broad agreement that still prevails tropics, whereas extratropical regions tend gain cover as rural lands become depopulated, abandoned recolonized species (Chazdon, 2014; García 2014). Consequently, proportion second-growth forests—that or woodland areas re-established after complete loss original tree cover—is rapidly increasing across both hemispheres. The recent increment many world is partly a result extensive planting programs triggered ambitious international initiatives reduce degradation restore ecosystem's functions, such Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration, REDD + Bonn Challenge Gutierrez, 2020; Corbera & Schroeder, 2011; Laestadius 2015; Leipold 2016). These largely focused low-income countries Southern hemisphere, where rates remain high (Curtis 2018; Song 2018). Notwithstanding, European Green Deal (European Commission, 2019) similarly pursue increase amount quality forests for mitigating impacts restoring frame Europe's transition towards circular CO2 neutral economy. burgeoning political engagement reflects growing economic societal concerns upon extant (Hanewinkel 2013; Seidl increasingly valued much their diverse ecological provided communities (Martín-Forés 2020) role profitable industry generated wood production (Bastin 2019; Gamfeldt 2013). Strategies attain healthy, multifunctional include array actions vary passive restoration approaches implement cost-effective interventions spur autonomous regeneration (e.g. Benayas 2008) active reforestation can involve surfaces planted with millions young trees (afforestation). high-economic costs large-scale plantation programs, well eventual social environmental (Bullock Fagan Holl Brancalion, Lamb 2005) render an indispensable management tool world. In addition, success commonly higher based natural than those using (Crouzeilles 2017). And usually develop locally, upscaled effects quite significant Despite all these proven advantages, our practical knowledge how use potential populations fostering remains incomplete (Hampe For example, long-term empirical studies investigating effectiveness different strategies scarce few works systematically compared alternative generating truly (but see Chazdon, Lindenmayer, Cruz-Alonso 2019). This Special Feature compiles six review research articles aim synthesizing deepening understanding ecology functioning recovery parts Three contributions evidence low-cost nature-based solutions enhance expansion, applied nucleation induced seed dispersal. They highlight instrumental dispersal interactions enhancing establishment neotropical ecosystems. A further study major reveals may levels functional diversity while exhibiting increased growth legacy effect former land uses. Finally, Policy Direction paper argues need consider also number ecosystem disservices (such fire hazards biotic invasions) associated expansion secondary Commentary reconsidering plans massive planting. Overall, shed light important gaps tropical, mediterranean temperate forests, evidence-based guidelines design effective plans. articulated around main topics (Figure 1). initial stages often limited arrival propagules (Cramer and/or stressful conditions challenge successful recruiting plants (Basnou Applied well-established approach aims overcome limitations mimicking process patch (planted) woody vegetation enhances deposition seeds posterior other individuals (Benayas 2008). Previous shown composition through course datasets (Meli al. (2020) summarizes accumulated impact nucleation, flora, fauna plots located tropical monitored period 15 years. Notably, favoured floral faunal taxa surveyed. All metrics taxonomic reached values nucleated unaided regeneration. Within treatments, proportionally size restored. Although speeded up recovery, was 66% less expensive. Interestingly, authors confirm relies availability frugivores regenerated area. They, hence, conclude likely fail highly defaunated sites animal-dispersed deprived (Dirzo Or, alternatively, predation herbivory dispersed unlikely established (McAlpine Thus, this reinforces notion managers should determining recruitment biological processes amplify plant fertilization dynamics, pollination (Farwig Berens, 2012; Potts Animal-mediated during very stage focus following Camargo (2020), who report experiment pasture Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Comparing either wind-dispersed one two bird-dispersed contrasting fruits, observed great differences frugivorous bird assemblages visit rates, abundance richness arriving rain. One attracted more other. respective frugivore differed traits, particular average gape width wing-load each assemblage were related rain arrived under species. therefore presents solid illustrating choice influence dispersers it attracts resulting guide selecting most line disperser targets. Still focusing animal-mediated dispersal, third Issue (Silva proof concept feasibility simple cost-efficient technique reinforce into agriculture so-called embedded target pulp commercial native fleshy fruits placed feeders agricultural 2 Using camera recordings traps, could identify relatively dominated common generalist noteworthy (>600 per ha month) pioneer Cecropia hololeuca. easy implementation presented makes suitable candidate limitation issues small-scale programs. be special interest disturbed landscapes take advantage typically An overwhelming show relevant regulation nutrients hydrological cycling, particularly carbon sequestration (Pugh results positive legacies soil characteristics nutrient availability, mineralization microbial activity, ultimately (Vilà-Cabrera Yet, we ignore whether long-established differ resilience change-mediated disturbances (Alfaro-Sánchez Elias broadleaf NE Spain, Espelta exhibit diversity, reduced insect do not sensitivity drought. promoting simultaneously provisioning (ES) production, means enhanced growth, resistance pests) no response Moreover, unmanaged points them reservoir (re)colonization suggesting planning inclusion at landscape level helpful strategy (Messier While provision ES delivered extensively acknowledged, existence (EDS) investigated. Yet promote homogenization, spreading abiotic wildfires) water runoff (Castro-Díez cultivated perceived 'loss territory' regarded problem stakeholders (Frei negative northern rim Basin occurring abandonment. Directions article, Varela summarize EDS linked Euro-mediterranean region, make policy recommendations uncertainties maximize ES/EDS ratio expansion. include: (a) favouring climate-smart leading fire-resistant developed value chains stimulate management; (b) adopting territorial perspective beyond forest- farm-based measures payments; (c) redirecting direct payments Common Agricultural (CAP) farming systems sustainable management. article shows supporting conservation require informed policies avoid conflicting among stakeholders. rise demand products, solution initially designed achieve neutrality 2050, harvest area (49%) Europe compromising goals attaining (Ceccherini To offset world-wide, there least ongoing aiming ensure well-being planet 1 trillion (Brancalion Holl, commitments cover, frequently merely evaluated trees. Brancalion advocate evidence-based, mixed multifaceted socio-economic targets, namely: first foremost, addressing drivers deforestation; integrating decision-making spatial scales; applying adaptive long timeframe; (d) holistic view restored tree-focused non-forested environments; (e) involving program, including coordination that, account dynamics ability thrive new conditions. point out experiments previous foiled teach us strongly considered according needs Therefore, plan, state, combine 2020), 2014), (Holl bold assisted migration, if required (Pedlar 2012). Altogether, forward-thinking guidance assist planning, designing, implementing monitoring broadly Robust integrative forecast modelling efforts would prioritizing evaluating spatial, temporal locally scales scenarios (Montoya We acknowledge Editorial Board Journal Ecology organising reviewers made SI possible providing prompt thorough responses amid challenging times. CG, JME AH funded SPONFOREST (ERA-NET BiodivERsA3-2015-58) contribution FCT (PTDC/BIA-BIC/5223/2014), MINECO (PCIN-2016-055), ANR (ANR-16-EBI3-0011) DFG (SCHU 2259/7-1). C.R., J.M.E. A.H. equally contributed outline, write editorial.

Language: Английский

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Behind the general pattern of forest loss and gain: A long-term assessment of semi-natural and secondary forest cover change at country level

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 104334 - 104334

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Despite deforestation taking place globally, forest cover is increasing in many European landscapes. This increase, however, resulting from plantations and spontaneous regrowth, may obscure the generally declining trend of semi-natural forests, though latter are essential for local landscape-level conservation strategies sustainable management. We assessed changes secondary since 18th century Hungary, focusing on continuity forests. The main trajectories regional country-scale transformations were reconstructed fine-scale site histories 1,728 randomly selected sample localities. Historical recent datasets complemented with field data to estimate change seven time periods between 1780s 2010s. Total over these 230 years showed a U-shape curve (from 25% 24%), leading minimum first half 20th century. Semi-natural forests exhibited strikingly different trends. proportion decreased 36% total area by 2010s, driven mainly conversion arable land, while 88% actual have remained continuous Our results that when reconstructing landscape-scale historical continuity, loss remains hidden if calculations limited ‘total change’. It would therefore be immensely important distinguish types assessments used conservation-oriented landscape planning

Language: Английский

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Twenty years of population dynamics in European beech-oak forest at their rear range margin anticipate changes in its structure and composition

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100197 - 100197

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

There is an increasing interest in restoring degraded forests, which occupy half of the forest areas. Among forms restoration, passive involves elimination degrading factors and free evolution natural dynamics by applying minimal or no management, gaining attention. Natural difficult to predict due influence multiple interacting such as climatic edaphic conditions, composition abundance species, successional character these species. Here, we study a mixed located central Spain, maintained open structure, intensive use, until grazing cutting were banned 1960s. The most frequent woody species this are Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, pyrenaica, Ilex aquifolium, Sorbus aucuparia, aria Prunus avium, with contrasting shade drought tolerance. These common temperate European deciduous found here near their southern distribution limit, except for Q. pyrenaica. In order analyze composition, three inventories carried out 1994, 2005 2015. Our results show that, despite Mediterranean influence, has been mainly determined different levels After abandonment cutting, pyrenaica expanded rapidly its lower tolerance, whereas after canopy closure densification, shade-tolerant gained ground, particularly F. late-frost If current continue, sylvatica will overtake rest be relegated sites shallow soils steep slopes. Simultaneously, all multi-centennial beech trees, undergoing rapid mortality decline process, disappear.

Language: Английский

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Large Wood Debris Contributes to Beach Ecosystems but Colombian Beachgoer’s Do Not Recognize It

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 8140 - 8140

Published: July 4, 2022

Large Woody Debris (LWD) accumulation serves essential ecological functions and benefits society’s coastal ecosystems (e.g., beaches). Thus far, the ecosystem services perspective has paid little attention to LWD. Therefore, we aim contrast social perceptions on LWD its significance in Puerto Velero beach, Caribbean, Colombia. In consequence, contribution of conformation creation beach was analyzed, as well how beachgoers perceive importance if they were willing pay remove this beach. To achieve this, a quantitative convergent approach then proposed using GIS analysis remote sensing understand contributions ecosystem; addition, survey performed determine perceived valued phenomenon. Results indicate that contributed maintenance; nevertheless, most people neglected values because lack visual attractiveness. As such, targets become conflicted positively provided by beaches, but did not assign dynamics deemed unattractive, regardless their vast importance.

Language: Английский

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Counterurbanization: A neglected pathway of forest transition

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(4), P. 823 - 835

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Natural Forests or Cultural Forests? Forest Changes within Italian Protected Areas in the Last 85 Years

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 921 - 921

Published: April 29, 2023

The cultural dimension of many forests is not adequately considered by current forest definitions, policies, inventories, and management. Moreover, the concept “protected area” as a synonym “natural ignores that today included in protected areas (PAs) have been managed exploited for centuries. abandonment rural occurred last 60 years EU countries caused expansion forests, with risk homogenization typologies, loss features, biodiversity at landscape scale. aim this study to investigate origin evolution within Italian PAs 85 through GIS-based spatial analyses. In 1936, only minority surface was covered ranging from 32% Natura 2000 sites 35% regional PAs. Forest increased (from +33.1% +45.2% national PAs), mainly due secondary successions, growth rate equal 8709 ha/year. PAs, 40.1% cover originated after percentage increases 43% 44.7% altitudinal range 500–1000 m a.s.l. one most affected spread. addition, 1936 were regularly coppice: 44% 56% sites, 62% confirms has clear consequence pastures and/or cultivations years. PA management should take into consideration open are shrinking diversity habitats communities strongly linked persistence traditional human activities. characteristics (species composition, vertical horizontal structure) also result past management, active resources can counteract structure.

Language: Английский

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Renaturalización pasiva en la Cordillera Cantábrica: bases y retos científicos para una sostenibilidad socio-ecológica

Ecosistemas, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 2507 - 2507

Published: April 29, 2023

La renaturalización pasiva, o recuperación de los ecosistemas tras el abandono del uso humano territorio, representa una oportunidad para restaurar biodiversidad y servicios ecosistémicos en un contexto crisis ambiental global. No obstante, también puede provocar declive determinadas especies, cambios regímenes perturbación pérdidas valores culturales. Esta revisión integra conocimiento actual sobre patrones procesos ecológicos pasiva la Cordillera Cantábrica (NO España) generar primera base evidencia que apoyar gestión ambiental. Se observa patrón bosques matorrales áreas anteriormente ocupadas por pastizales ganaderos campos agrícolas, implica estructura paisaje, riqueza composición las comunidades ecológicas, acumulación carbono biomasa suelos, provisión diferentes ecosistémicos. Los modulan son: 1) dispersión organismos, condiciona sucesión ecológica persistencia especies a escala regional; 2) dinámicas tróficas, cuyo funcionamiento depende presencia grandes depredadores apicales paisaje; 3) perturbaciones actualmente dominados ganadería incendios antropogénicos. Por sus efectos ecológicos, estrategia efectiva restauración funciones clave Cantábrica. Su aceptación social dependerá compatibilización este proceso con ganadero ecoturístico así como eficacia políticas conservacionistas, agrarias forestales.

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