Exploring the hygroscopic behavior of highly energetic oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) at different temperatures and humidities using an innovative hygroscopic modeling

Defence Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2024

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a new type of green energetic oxidizer with excellent energy density and low pollution combustion characteristics. However, the strong hygroscopicity has significant impact on its practical application. To assist in research moisture-proof modification ADN materials, an innovative hygroscopic modeling approach was proposed to evaluate at various temperatures humidities. By investigating diffusion coefficient water molecules molecular dynamics processes, visual insight into process gained. Furthermore, analyzing non-covalent interactions between molecules, could be evaluated qualitatively quantitatively. The analysis revealed that electrostatic forces play dominant role adsorption by ADN, whereas van der Waals impede it. As whole, simulation results show presents following law: At ranging from 273 K 373 relative humidity (RH) 10% 100%, generally shows increasing trend rise temperature based three simulations. According non-hygroscopic point (298 K, 52% RH) obtained experiment literature, range for can depicted when less than or equal 17%. This study provide effective strategies screening anti-hygroscopic modified materials ADN.

Language: Английский

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A novel ADN/TANPDO supramolecular crystal with anti-hygroscopicity and high energy: A promising strategy to construct advanced propellant materials

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 156152 - 156152

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Research progress on the catalytic and thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 3636 - 3646

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review mainly summarizes the application prospects of ADN as a novel oxidant and overviews current research status on thermal catalytic decomposition ADN.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of ADN Crystal Surface Properties by Additives

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(8), P. 3514 - 3524

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

In this paper, a method to reduce the hygroscopicity of energetic oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) was proposed by modulating surface properties ADN crystals with additive microdoping. Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (octogen, HMX) selected as additive, and three-layer solventization model constructed based on adhesion energy theory placing in solvent layer. The modified energies moisture absorption rates each crystal were calculated under effects different solvents additives. additives growth morphology presence investigated. interactions between crystalline surfaces analyzed, modification attachment calculated. results showed that utilizing HMX an significantly influenced morphology, face occupancy, rate environments. best antihygroscopicity performance dichloromethane (DCM) environment, percentage antihygroscopic faces increased up 74.70%.

Language: Английский

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Preparation of ADN-based energetic microspheres with controllable shell layers by Pickering emulsion technology to enhance anti-moisture absorption and safety

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137194 - 137194

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ammonium dinitramide (ADN)-based hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant prepared by dimeryl diisocyanate (DDI)

Combustion and Flame, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 114178 - 114178

Published: April 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Molecular dynamic simulation on the interaction and compatibility between ammonium dinitramide and typical fluoropolymers in solid propellants

Materials Today Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 106254 - 106254

Published: May 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Surface denitration structure on dynamic combustion performance and muzzle flame of mixed nitrate gun propellant

Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(9)

Published: June 28, 2023

Abstract The gun propellant is an inaccessible energy and fuel for projectile to achieve destructive capability in a weapon system. Nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine/triethylene glycol dinitrate(NC/NG/TEGDN) based with higher level than single‐based can meet the demands of modern warfare. Currently, deterring strategy commonly used improve combustion progressivity NC/NG/TEGDN propellant, together aggravating harmful emission phenomena such as muzzle smoke flame. Therefore, it essential design fabricate both good low characteristic signal. In this work, gradiently denitrated was successfully prepared by denitration strategy, whose structure confirmed FT‐IR, Raman SEM. Here, closed bomb vessel test interior ballistic were conducted. results showed that exhibited better performance raw these properties be controlled modulating degree denitration. Meanwhile, change laws flame investigated box method high‐speed photography. Furthermore, lower signal found compared deterred theoretical calculations. This work provides new idea preparing applying excellent comprehensive performance, including high energy,

Language: Английский

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Preparation of low hygroscopicity ADN-based energetic composite microspheres and their performance study

AIP Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5)

Published: May 1, 2023

In order to reduce the hygroscopicity of ammonium dinitramide (ADN), four different ADN/nitrocellulose (NC) samples were prepared from acetone solutions using electrostatic spraying, with concentrations 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg ml−1. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, regular uniform size examined x-ray powder diffraction differential calorimetry investigate crystal structure obtain their thermal decomposition properties. Additionally, mechanical sensitivity microspheres also obtained these studies. ADN/NC energetic complexes at a concentration 5 ml−1 found be spherical, in shape, size. apparent activation energy critical temperature for explosion reduced. impact sensitivities comparable those raw material, whereas friction enhanced. Water absorption tests showed that moisture ADN 32.12%, sample after coating 3.75%. significantly

Language: Английский

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Development of Green Energetic Oxidizers for Solid Propellant Applications: Present Status

Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Abstract The quest for new high‐energy materials (HEMs) with superior performance properties compared to conventional HEMs has opened up a area of research and resulted in the synthesis many novel molecules. challenge is balance stability while adopting an environmentally benign approach during synthesis, use, disposal. This multipoint united theoretical, experimental, applied researchers toward achieving this goal. Oxidizers are that possess stoichiometric excess oxygen, which used oxidize binder‐fuel solid fuel additives propellants. Ammonium perchlorate (AP), commonly oxidizer propellants, needs replacement due environmental concerns. demand “green energetic oxidizers” led dinitramide trinitromethane salts, polynitroazoles, strained‐ring compounds. Some these compounds can be effectively as fillers improve overall review assesses AP ammonium nitrate propellant applications challenges associated use (ADN), hydrazinium nitroformate, trinitroazetidine, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) formulations. synthetic feasibility oxidizers, their decomposition behaviour, performance, compatibility formulations, ways overcome difficulties discussed. Evaluation theoretical molecules indicated ADN − Glycidyl azide polymer promising combination. However, highly hygroscopic, anti‐hygroscopic strategy developed. Finally, examines possible identification practical oxidizers application purposes.

Language: Английский

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