Epigenetics in obesity: Mechanisms and advances in therapies based on natural products

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Obesity is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality because it has close relationship to metabolic illnesses, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer. With no drugs available, the mainstay obesity management remains lifestyle changes with exercise dietary modifications. In light tremendous disease burden unmet therapeutics, fresh perspectives on pathophysiology drug discovery are needed. The development epigenetics provides compelling justification how environmental, lifestyle, other factors contribute pathogenesis obesity. Furthermore, epigenetic dysregulations can be restored, been reported that certain natural products obtained from plants, tea polyphenols, ellagic acid, urolithins, curcumin, genistein, isothiocyanates, citrus isoflavonoids, were shown inhibit weight gain. These substances have great antioxidant potential interest they also modify mechanisms. Therefore, understanding modifications target primary cause mechanisms anti-obesity effects phytochemicals prove rational strategies prevent develop novel therapeutic interventions. Thus, current review aimed summarize advances in therapies based provide evidence several targets.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk Between Antioxidants and Adipogenesis: Mechanistic Pathways and Their Roles in Metabolic Health

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 203 - 203

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

The interplay between oxidative stress and adipogenesis is a critical factor in the development of obesity its associated metabolic disorders. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt key transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), impairing lipid metabolism, promoting adipocyte dysfunction, exacerbating inflammation insulin resistance. Antioxidants, classified endogenous (e.g., glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase) exogenous polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins C E), are pivotal mitigating these effects by restoring redox balance preserving functionality. Endogenous antioxidants neutralize ROS safeguard cellular structures; however, under heightened stress, defenses often insufficient, necessitating dietary supplementation. Exogenous derived from plant-based sources, polyphenols vitamins, act through direct scavenging, upregulation antioxidant enzymes, modulation signaling pathways like nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) PPARγ, reducing peroxidation, inflammation, dysfunction. Furthermore, they influence epigenetic regulation transcriptional networks to restore differentiation limit accumulation. Antioxidant-rich diets, including Mediterranean diet, strongly with improved health, reduced rates, enhanced sensitivity. Advances personalized therapies, guided biomarkers supported novel delivery systems, present promising avenues for optimizing therapeutic interventions. This review, "Crosstalk Between Antioxidants Adipogenesis: Mechanistic Pathways Their Role Metabolic Health", highlights mechanistic which regulate enhance health.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics of childhood obesity

Hormone Research in Paediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 24

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Background: Childhood obesity has become a global pandemic and is one of the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disease later in life. The correlation epigenetic marks with related traits being elucidated. This review summarizes latest research its challenges study epigenetics (childhood) obesity. Summary: Epigenome-wide association studies helped to identify novel targets methylation sites that are important pathophysiology In future, such will essential developing scores (MRS) metabolic diseases. Although MRS very promising predicting individual obesity, implementation challenging not been introduced into clinical practice so far. Key Messages: Future undoubtedly discover numerous may be involved development comorbidities, especially at young age. contribute better understanding complex etiology human From perspective, overarching aim generate robust reliable accurate prediction comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Epigenomic mechanisms of dietary prescriptions for obesity therapy

Epigenomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: March 2, 2025

Dietary modification is a cornerstone and primary goal for weight loss, whose effects may be related to epigenetic phenomena. In this literature review, comprehensive search without time restriction was performed in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, SciELO, Scopus databases identify signatures obesity outcomes upon dietary advice. context, experimental studies clinical trials have identified certain DNA methylation marks, miRNA expression profiles histone modifications putatively associated with adiposity after different nutritional interventions. These include traditional patterns, diets macronutrient compositions, supplementation fatty acids, amino acids derivatives, methyl donors, vitamins minerals, probiotics prebiotics, bioactive food compounds. Some of these been mapped genes involved intake control, adipogenesis, lipolysis, acid oxidation, body fat deposition, gut microbiota modulation. However, additional are still required address dosage follow-up variability, validation genome-wide approaches, appropriate statistical settings. Although more investigation required, insights contribute the characterization biomarkers regulation toward prescription tailored strategies targeting epigenome precise management control.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Phytochemicals in Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Applications—A Comprehensive Review

Food Science & Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that play a key role promoting health and preventing diseases. Present fruits, vegetables, grains, seed oils, these considered safe for consumption due to the co‐evolution adaptation between mammals plants. Due their wide‐ranging biological effects, they have attracted considerable research interest. This comprehensive review explores mechanisms of action, benefits, applications dietary phytochemicals, with particular focus on groups such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids. Research shows phytochemicals interact nuclear membrane receptors, influence metabolic pathways, affect epigenetic modifications. Our highlights broad range activities compounds, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, anticancer all which contribute health‐promoting properties. Clinical evidence supports prevention management diseases cardiovascular disorders, conditions, cancer, diets rich being linked lower risk disease. also at cutting edge food preservation, supplements, emerging medical treatments. Additionally, we identified advancements extraction identification techniques, particularly metabolomics, further enhance areas. Despite promising challenges bioavailability, regulatory barriers, need robust clinical trials persist. However, innovative delivery systems like nanoparticles, liposomes, encapsulation offer potential solutions bioavailability by improving absorption stability. The concludes emphasizing personalized nutrition combination therapies benefits while stressing methods, trials, bioavailability.

Language: Английский

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Anti‐obesity peptides from food: Production, evaluation, sources, and commercialization

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

The global obesity epidemic has heightened interest in natural solutions, with anti-obesity peptides emerging as promising candidates. Derived from food sources such plants, algae, marine organisms, and products like milk eggs, these combat through various mechanisms but face challenges production scalability. aim of this review is to explore their sources, mechanisms, measurement, synthesis methods, including innovative approaches de novo synthesis, proteomics, bioinformatics. Its unique contribution lies critically analyzing the current state research while highlighting novel techniques practical relevance addressing commercialization challenges, offering valuable insights for advancing peptide development. Diverse methods assessing properties are discussed, encompassing both vitro vivo experimental approaches, well alternatives. also explores integration cutting-edge technologies potential revolutionize scalability cost-effectiveness. Key findings assert that despite great fight against advances identification analysis, scalability, regulatory hurdles, bioavailability issues, high costs, consumer appeal persist. Future should use bioinformatics tools advanced screening identify design enhanced efficacy bioavailability, efficient cost-effective extraction purification sustainable practices utilizing byproducts industry, containing isolated versus whole materials clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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The Heterogeneity of Post-Menopausal Disease Risk: Could the Basis for Why Only Subsets of Females Are Affected Be Due to a Reversible Epigenetic Modification System Associated with Puberty, Menstrual Cycles, Pregnancy and Lactation, and, Ultimately, Menopause?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3866 - 3866

Published: March 30, 2024

For much of human evolution, the average lifespan was <40 years, due in part to disease, infant mortality, predators, food insecurity, and, for females, complications childbirth. Thus, many females did not reach age menopause (45–50 years age) and it is mainly past several hundred that has been extended >75 primarily public health advances, medical interventions, antibiotics, nutrition. Therefore, underlying biological mechanisms responsible disease risk following must have evolved during complex processes leading Homo sapiens serve functions pre-menopausal state. Furthermore, as a primary function survival species effective reproduction, likely most advantages having such post-menopausal risks relate reproduction ability address environmental stresses. This opinion/perspective will be discussed context how could enhance with improved offspring, perhaps why are preserved. Not all exhibit this set diseases, those who do develop diseases conditions. The state operate unified complex, but independent variables, potential some overlap. there would heterogeneity if factors essential reproductive also concept sets reversible epigenetic changes associated puberty, pregnancy, lactation offered explain observations regarding distribution conditions their roles reproduction. While involvement an system dynamic “modification-demodification-remodification” paradigm contributing hypothesis at point, validation lead better understanding commonalities may future interventions control after menopause.

Language: Английский

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Research progress on the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on tumor microenvironment therapy

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

More and more attention has been paid to the tumor microenvironment. The occurrence, development, metastasis, drug resistance of are closely related At same time, application traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in prevention treatment attracted due its regulatory effect on cells holistic view multitarget TCM make it very suitable for regulation This article will review current research status molecular mechanism microenvironment from three aspects: can reverse inhibitory phenotype immune cells, enhance response clinical application.

Language: Английский

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