The endocannabinoid system in appetite regulation and treatment of obesity

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5)

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex cell-signaling that responsible for maintaining homeostasis by modulating various regulatory reactions in response to internal and environmental changes. influence of ECS on appetite regulation has been subject much recent research, however, the full extent its impact remains unknown. Current evidence links human obesity activation, increased levels both central peripheral tissues, along with cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CBR1) up-regulation. These findings imply potential pharmacological use treatment obesity. Here, we present pathophysiological processes involving ECS, highlighting different options activity treat However, those possibilities under investigation requires further research.

Language: Английский

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The Administration of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist Decreases Binge-like Intake of Palatable Food in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1981 - 1981

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by uncontrollable episodes of in a short period time, with subjective loss control overconsumption behavior. The role CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) plays binge-like intake has not yet been identified. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate effect administration CB2R agonist, antagonist, or both on palatable food (PF) adolescent mice. We used 35 C57BL6/J male mice 30 postnatal days research; all animals were housed individually and had ad libitum access standard diet (SD) water. Animals evaluated for total 15 sessions Eating Test (BET), which consisted 1 h PF (chocolate sandwich cookies) according intermittent protocol, one-day access/one-day no-access. SD caloric intake, as well binge index (defined consuming ≥20% per day during PF), analyzed. Mice randomly assigned one following treatment groups: (1) control; (2) vehicle; (3) HU308, selective agonist; (4) AM630, antagonist; (5) AM630+HU308 coadministration antagonist agonists CB2R. All treatments administered intraperitoneally before BET sessions. Our results show that HU308 significantly reduced PF, while no significant differences found rest groups. These suggest activation decreases chronic conditions non-homeostatic feeding can be modulated Furthermore, may also modulate reward pathways, reducing behavior, could further explored future studies BED.

Language: Английский

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Hippocampal Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms Triggered by Toxic Cannabinoid Exposure: A Narrative Review

NeuroToxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The CB1R of mPFC is involved in anxiety-like behavior induced by 0.8/2.65 GHz dual-frequency electromagnetic radiation

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 12, 2025

As mobile phones and communication base stations become more widespread, concerns have arisen regarding the potential risks of environmental exposure to multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) its effects on mental health. To address these concerns, our study established a dual-frequency EMR mouse model at 0.8/2.65 GHz explore molecular mechanisms intervention targets. Our results revealed that this significantly induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Molecular experiments further showed significant decrease cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) levels medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mice, along with notable reduction endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol anandamide. This led downregulation entire endocannabinoid system (ECS). Additional confirmation was obtained by overexpressing knocking down CB1R mPFC. We found increasing mPFC could effectively reduce behavior, while decreasing exacerbated it. Furthermore, we change ECS basolateral amygdala (BLA). Notably, female mice exhibited similar behavioral phenotypes response EMR. In summary, demonstrates anxiety is closely linked function BLA, expression plays role modulating emotional

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive mini-review: therapeutic potential of cannabigerol – focus on the cardiovascular system

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 26, 2025

Backgrounds Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid with broad spectrum of biological effects. However, there still too little research on its safety especially effects the cardiovascular system. Due to agonist alpha-2-adrenergic receptors (α 2 AR), it speculated that may have applications in pharmacotherapy metabolic syndrome, particularly hypertension. Thus, aim our review was analyse therapeutic potential CBG diseases. Methods The based searches PubMed and Web Science databases. Keywords were used identify literature containing mechanistic information Results A shows exhibits hypotensive mice probably through α AR agonism. Other numerous vitro vivo studies show has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant also regulates cell apoptosis. improved tissue sensitivity insulin, showed efficacy inhibiting platelet aggregation. are reports adverse high doses liver architecture function, which calls into question usefulness profile. Conclusion Above mentioned beneficial properties suggest be useful treating hypertension syndrome. lack chronic administration parameters condition, necessary determine need for future other indications.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Endocannabinoids in Physiological Processes and Disease Pathology: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 2851 - 2851

Published: April 21, 2025

The endocannabinoid system is a complex communication involved in maintaining homeostasis various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, pain modulation, and neuroprotection. Endocannabinoids, mainly anandamide 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are natural ligands of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 CB2, which widely distributed throughout central nervous peripheral tissues. Their biosynthesis, degradation, interaction with other signaling pathways play crucial roles both health disease. This article provides comprehensive overview pathological endocannabinoids, discusses their potential as therapeutic targets, highlights recent advances endocannabinoid-based treatments.

Language: Английский

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The endocannabinoid and paracannabinoid systems in natural reward processes: possible pharmacological targets?

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 296, P. 114929 - 114929

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of five cannabis oils with different CBD:THC ratios and terpenes on hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and CB1 receptor in an experimental model

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder caused by oxidative stress and dysregulation of lipid metabolism. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), particularly the type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor, plays crucial role in NAFLD progression. Cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), along with terpenes, beta-myrcene d-limonene, have shown potential therapeutic effects on health, reducing modulating This study aimed to analyse five cannabis oils (COs), each different CBD:THC ratios terpenes content, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, stress, CB1 receptor expression an experimental model induced sucrose-rich diet (SRD) Wistar rats for 3 weeks. Methods: Male were fed either a: 1) reference (RD; standard commercial laboratory diet) or 2) 7 SRD+CO following: 3) SRD+THC; 4) SRD+CBD; 5) SRD+CBD:THC 1:1; 6) 2:1; 7) 3:1. COs administered orally at dose 1.5 mg total cannabinoids/kg body weight daily. content all used was determined. found beta-myrcene, terpinolene, linalool, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, (-)-guaiol, (-)-alpha-bisabolol. During period, weight, food intake blood pressure measured. Serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels evaluated. Liver tissue histology, activity score (NAS), triglyceride cholesterol lipogenic enzyme activities, related mitochondrial acid oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric substance (TBARS), antioxidant activities also Results: The results showed that SRD-fed developed damage, peroxidation, stress. accompanied upregulation expression. CBD-rich CO, 1:1 ratio CO; 2:1 CO 3:1 antihypertensive properties. THC-rich greatest beneficial against steatosis damage. All exhibited tissue. associated normal Conclusions: This demonstrated COs, can effectively reduce damage SRD-induced NAFLD. higher proportion CBD their composition These findings suggest especially those may represent promising approach managing preventing its progression more severe disease.

Language: Английский

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Coadministration antagonist dopamine receptor D4 with CB2 receptor agonist decreases binge-like intake of palatable food in mice

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: April 29, 2025

Food intake is regulated by two systems: homeostatic and hedonic. An imbalance between these systems can induce overconsumption, such as binge eating disorder (BED), associated with dysregulation of the dopamine reward system. The cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) has been identified in neurons may play an important role motivated behaviors, including food intake. Nevertheless, interaction D4 (DRD4) CB2R binge-like not yet identified. Therefore, present study aims to evaluate effects intraperitoneal administration DRD4 antagonist (L-745870), well coadministration either agonist (HU308) or (AM630), on palatable (PF) adult male mice. We used 34 C57BL6/J All animals were housed individually had ad libitum access standard diet (SD) water. To intake, 1 h PF during 12 baseline test (BET) sessions. Mice then randomly assigned following treatment groups: 1) vehicle; 2) L-745870; 3) L-745870-HU308, 4) L-745870+AM630 be evaluated under effect treatments for three additionally BET Our results show that reduced PF, a induced even more pronounced reduction These findings suggest dopaminergic endocannabinoid modulation mice, where activation participates modulating pathways reducing behavior.

Language: Английский

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Feasibility and Tolerability of Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2025

Introduction: In epidemiological studies, people who use cannabis have a lower prevalence of obesity. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid system is recognized as potential target for obesity treatment and partial agonism cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor may reduce body weight. We thus hypothesized that 12 weeks pharmacotherapy with CB1 agonist nabilone would weight, relative to placebo, in adults Methods: conducted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial investigated feasibility, tolerability, efficacy compared placebo Otherwise healthy aged 25-45 years were randomized 1:1:1 ratio one three parallel arms: high-dose (6 mg/day), low-dose (2 or placebo. Safety feasibility outcomes included adverse events (AEs), number dropouts, medication adherence per arm. Efficacy mass index (BMI), waist circumference. Secondary gut microbiome changes, blood biomarkers (e.g., glucose insulin levels), mood. Results: Overall, 18 participants 15 received at least dose drug (4 arm, 5 6 placebo). The was terminated early due poor tolerability all four allocated withdrew AEs). Only eight completed protocol (four arm arm). Using data from completers only (n = 8), we saw significant effect on weight (p < 0.001) BMI appeared be driven by greater decreases 4) 4). Based Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, showed change overall fecal composition 0.05). Discussion: This found (especially mg/day) had not used any drugs months prior enrolment. Preliminary results suggest possible impact microbiome.

Language: Английский

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