Monoclonal antibodies as COVID-19 prophylaxis therapy in immunocompromised patient populations

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 228 - 238

Published: July 1, 2023

The objective of this review was to examine the latest literature regarding effectiveness monoclonal antibodies as COVID-19 prophylaxis therapy for immunocompromised patient populations.Literature published real-world and randomized control trials (RCTs) from 2020 May 2023.COVID-19 is highly transmissible with potentially serious health outcomes, underscoring need effective prevention treatment strategies. Vaccines are at preventing general population; however, efficacy often impaired in patients given insufficient response initial exposure and/or memory secondary exposures. Some individuals may also have contraindications vaccination. As such, additional protective measures needed bolster immune these populations. Monoclonal been bolstering system responses among patients; they proving ineffective against most recent Omicron strains (BA.4 BA.5).Several studies investigated pre- post-prophylaxis COVID-19. Historical evidence promising; new variants concern challenging currently available regimens.

Language: Английский

---

Head-to-head comparison of azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for the hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a real-world retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

Background: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and azvudine have been approved for the early treatment of COVID-19 in China, however, limited real-world data exists regarding their effectiveness safety. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving hospitalized patients China between December 2022 January 2023. Demographic, clinical, safety variables were recorded. Results: Among 6,616 patients, we included total 725 including recipients (N = 461) nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 264) after exclusions propensity score matching (1:2). There was no significant difference composite disease progression events (98, 21.26%) (72, 27.27%) groups ( p 0.066). Azvudine associated with reduction secondary outcomes, percentage intensive care unit admission 0.038) need invasive mechanical ventilation 0.035), while in-hospital death event did not significantly differ 0.991). As 33 out 461 (7.16%) group 22 264 (8.33%) experienced drug-related adverse day 0.565). Conclusion: In our setting, demonstrated similar compared to patients. Additionally, it showed slightly better clinical benefits this population. However, further confirmation through additional trials is necessary.

Language: Английский

---

ORCHESTRA Delphi Consensus: Clinical Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with HIV

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies in the Era of COVID-19 Vaccination and the Omicron Variant

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 379 - 379

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

A greater understanding of clinical trends in COVID-19 outcomes among patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) over the course pandemic, particularly Omicron era, is needed. This ongoing, observational, and registry-based study prospective data collection evaluated severity mortality 1818 adult HM diagnosed between 27 February 2020 1 October 2022, at 31 centers Madrid region Spain. Of these, 1281 (70.5%) 537 (29.5%) were reported pre-Omicron periods, respectively. Overall, aged ≥70 years (odds ratio 2.16, 95% CI 1.64-2.87), >1 comorbidity (2.44, 1.85-3.21), or an underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1.64, 1.19-2.27), had odds severe/critical COVID-19; lower during BA.1/BA.2 (0.28, 0.2-0.37) BA.4/BA.5 (0.13, 0.08-0.19) periods vaccinated one two (0.51, 0.34-0.75) three four (0.22, 0.16-0.29) doses. The hospitalization rate (75.3% [963/1279], 35.7% [191/535]), intensive care admission (30.0% [289/963], 14.7% [28/191]), overall (31.9% [409/1281], 9.9% [53/536]) hospitalized (41.3% [398/963], 22.0% [42/191]) decreased from to period. Age was only factor associated higher risk both (hazard 2.57, 2.03-3.25) (3.19, 1.59-6.42) periods. Receipt prior stem cell transplantation, vaccination(s), treatment nirmatrelvir/ritonavir remdesivir survival rates. In conclusion, has considerably period; however, remains high. Specific studies should be undertaken test new treatments preventive interventions patients.

Language: Английский

---

Omicron variants of SARS CoV-2 indicate how small molecules can interfere with spike glycoprotein trimerization

Applied Chemical Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(3)

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

In our search for a possible achilles’ heel of SARS-CoV-2, we explored the variability 1,382,462 complete sequences viral spike glycoprotein, all ones that could retrieve from NCBI SARS-CoV-2 databank as 6 March 2023. Then, by using Shannon entropy algorithm, quantified sequence glycoprotein. With PDBePISA, have performed detailed analysis protomer-protomer interfaces glycoprotein two representative structures different variants. The largest contact patch is present in stem region both highly conserved. It remarkable Asp796Tyr mutation, centered this patch, always Omicron structure trimer indicates Tyr796 and Phe898 same protomer form network aromatic sidechains with Tyr707 another protomer, yielding strong constraint stabilizes quaternary assembly. We believe resulting structural stability among key features successful proliferation This finding also supports fact disrupting moieties suitable small molecules would represent powerful antiviral strategy.

Language: Английский

---

Engineered Therapeutic Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 222 - 235

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

---