Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 106 - 117

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Abstract Traditionally, topographic surveying in earth sciences requires high financial investments, elaborate logistics, complicated training of staff and extensive data processing. Recently, off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors already reduced the costs for obtaining a high-resolution dataset an Earth surface considerably. Nevertheless, complexity associated are still high. In 2020, Apple Inc. released iPad Pro 2020 iPhone 12 novel build-in LiDAR sensors. Here we investigate basic technical capabilities test application at coastal cliff Denmark. The results compared to state-of-the-art Structure from Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM MVS) point clouds. create accurate models small objects side length > 10 cm absolute accuracy ± 1 cm. 3D dimensions up 130 × 15 m compiled. Overall, versatility handling outweighs range limitations, making devices cost-effective alternatives established techniques remote sensing possible fields wide geo-scientific areas teaching.

Language: Английский

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Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Cryosphere: Latest Advances and Prospects

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 948 - 948

Published: March 15, 2020

Owing to usual logistic hardships related field-based cryospheric research, remote sensing has played a significant role in understanding the frozen components of Earth system. Conventional spaceborne or airborne platforms have their own merits and limitations. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) emerged as viable inexpensive option for studying at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolutions. UAVs are adaptable various research needs terms providing flexibility with data acquisition windows, revisits, data/sensor types (multispectral, hyperspectral, microwave, thermal/night imaging, Light Detection Ranging (LiDAR), photogrammetric stereos), viewing angles, flying altitudes, overlap dimensions. Thus, potential act bridging platform between spatially discrete situ observations continuous but coarser costlier conventional sensing. In recent years, number studies using been published. However, holistic review discussing methodological advancements, hardware software improvements, results, future prospects such is completely missing. present scenario rapidly changing global regional climate, changes bound gain further momentum will benefit from balanced on this topic. Our covers most applications within glaciology, snow, permafrost, polar support continued development high-resolution investigations cryosphere. We also analyze UAV sensor hardware, processing popularity revisit existing regulations cold regions world. The usage outlined 103 case provide expertise that investigators should base decisions on.

Language: Английский

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Quantifying the movement, behaviour and environmental context of group‐living animals using drones and computer vision

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92(7), P. 1357 - 1371

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Methods for collecting animal behaviour data in natural environments, such as direct observation and biologging, are typically limited spatiotemporal resolution, the number of animals that can be observed information about animals' social physical environments. Video imagery capture rich their but image‐based approaches often impractical due to challenges processing large complex multi‐image datasets transforming resulting data, locations, into geographical coordinates. We demonstrate a new system studying wild uses drone‐recorded videos computer vision automatically track location body posture free‐roaming georeferenced coordinates with high resolution embedded contemporaneous 3D landscape models surrounding area. provide two worked examples which we apply this approach gelada monkeys multiple species group‐living African ungulates. how simultaneously, classify individuals by age–sex class, estimate individuals' postures (poses) extract environmental features, including topography trails. By quantifying movement while reconstructing detailed model landscape, our opens door sensory ecology decision‐making within

Language: Английский

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Vegetation monitoring using multispectral sensors — best practices and lessons learned from high latitudes

Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 54 - 75

Published: Dec. 5, 2018

Rapid technological advances have dramatically increased affordability and accessibility of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) associated sensors. Compact multispectral drone sensors capture high-resolution imagery in visible near-infrared parts the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing for calculation vegetation indices, such as normalised difference index (NDVI) productivity estimates classification. Despite advances, challenges remain capturing high-quality data, highlighting need standardized workflows. Here, we discuss challenges, technical aspects, practical considerations monitoring using propose a workflow based on remote sensing principles our field experience high-latitude environments, Parrot Sequoia (Pairs, France) sensor an example. We focus key error sources with solar angle, weather conditions, geolocation, radiometric calibration estimate their relative contributions that can lead to uncertainty more than ±10% peak season NDVI tundra site. Our findings show these errors be accounted by improved flight planning, metadata collection, ground control point deployment, use reflectance targets, quality control. With best practice, provide meaningful spatial data is reproducible comparable across space time.

Language: Английский

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UAVs in Support of Algal Bloom Research: A Review of Current Applications and Future Opportunities

Drones, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 35 - 35

Published: Oct. 17, 2018

Algal blooms have become major public health and ecosystem vitality concerns globally. The prevalence of has increased due to warming water additional nutrient inputs into aquatic systems. In response, various remotely-sensed methods detection, analysis, forecasting been developed. Satellite imaging proven successful in the identification inland coastal at large spatial temporal scales, airborne platforms offer higher often spectral resolution targeted frequencies. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) recently emerged as another tool for algal bloom providing users with on-demand high lower costs. However, challenges processing images water, payload costs limitations, a lack standardized methods, UAV-based studies not gained critical traction. This literature review explores current state this field, highlights opportunities that could promote its growth. By understanding technical parameters required identify platforms, comparing these capabilities UAV technology, such knowledge will assist managers, researchers, officials utilizing UAVs monitor predict greater precision, reducing exposure potentially toxic events.

Language: Английский

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An Economical Custom-Built Drone for Assessing Whale Health

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Dec. 21, 2017

Drones or unmanned Aerial Vehicles' (UAVs) have huge potential to improve the safety and efficiency of sample collection from wild animals under logistically challenging circumstances. Here we present a method for surveying population health that uses UAVs respiratory vapour, 'whale blow', exhaled by free-swimming humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), coupled this with amplification sequencing tract microbiota. We developed low-cost multirotor UAV incorporating sterile petri dish remotely operated 'flip lid' whale blow minimal disturbance whales. This design addressed several sampling challenges: accessibility; safety; cost, critically, minimized atmospheric seawater microbiota other sources contamination. collected 59 samples northward migrating off Sydney, Australia used high throughput bacterial ribosomal gene markers identify putative Model-based comparisons drone-captured air demonstrated our system external contamination successfully captured sufficient material blow-specific microbial taxa. Whale-specific taxa included species genera previously associated tracts oral cavities mammals (e.g. Pseudomonas, Clostridia, Cardiobacterium), as well isolated dolphin killer blowholes (Corynebacteria, others). Many examples exogenous marine were identified, including Tenacibaculum Psychrobacter spp. been skin fish may include pathogens. information provides baseline profiles contemporary health. Customized are promising new tool megafauna research broad application in cost-effective monitoring management populations worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing observing strategies for monitoring animals using drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras

International Journal of Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 40(2), P. 439 - 467

Published: Jan. 17, 2019

The proliferation of relatively affordable off-the-shelf drones offers great opportunities for wildlife monitoring and conservation. Similarly the recent reduction in cost thermal infrared cameras also new promise this field, as they have advantage over conventional RGB being able to distinguish animals based on their body heat detect at night. However, use drone-mounted comes with several technical challenges. In article, we address some these issues, namely contrast problems due from ground, absorption emission radiation by atmosphere, obscuration vegetation, optimizing flying height a best balance between covering large area accurately image identify interest. We demonstrate application methods case study using field data make first ever detection critically endangered riverine rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis) data. provide web-tool so that community can easily apply techniques other studies (http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/aricburk/uav_calc/).

Language: Английский

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Multi-Scale Evaluation of Drone-Based Multispectral Surface Reflectance and Vegetation Indices in Operational Conditions

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 514 - 514

Published: Feb. 5, 2020

Compact multi-spectral sensors that can be mounted on lightweight drones are now widely available and applied within the geo- environmental sciences. However; spatial consistency radiometric quality of data from such is relatively poorly explored beyond lab; in operational settings against other sensors. This study explores extent to which accurate hemispherical-conical reflectance factors (HCRF) vegetation indices (specifically: normalised difference index (NDVI) chlorophyll red-edge (CHL)) derived a low-cost multispectral drone-mounted sensor (Parrot Sequoia). The drone datasets were assessed using reference panels high 1 m resolution dataset collected near-simultaneously by an airborne imaging spectrometer (HyPlant). Relative errors relating calibration HCRF values 4 15% range whereas deviations for maize field case larger (5 28%). Drone-derived showed good agreement NDVI with both HyPlant Sentinel 2 products (R2 = 0.91). HCRF; CHL Sequoia bias low reflective surfaces. was minimal view angle effects visible bands. In summary; compact as Parrot show potential use index-based monitoring studies across scales but care must taken when assuming represent true optical properties imaged surface.

Language: Английский

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Seeing the System from Above: The Use and Potential of Remote Sensing for Studying Ecosystem Dynamics

Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 1719 - 1737

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Abstract Remote sensing techniques are increasingly used for studying ecosystem dynamics, delivering spatially explicit information on the properties of Earth over large spatial and multi-decadal temporal extents. Yet, there is still a gap between more technology-driven development novel remote their applications dynamics. Here, I review existing literature to explore how addressing these gaps might enable recent methods overcome longstanding challenges in ecological research. First, trace emergence as major tool understanding Second, examine developments field that particular importance Third, consider opportunities emerging open data software policies suggest at its most powerful when it theoretically motivated rigorously ground-truthed. close with an outlook four exciting new research frontiers will define ecology upcoming decade.

Language: Английский

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