Intelligent micro/nanomotors: Fabrication, propulsion, and biomedical applications

Nano Today, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 102212 - 102212

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology-empowered combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: principles, strategies, and challenges

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 22, 2024

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with multifactorial etiology and intricate pathogenesis. In RA, repeated monotherapy frequently associated inadequate efficacy, drug resistance, severe side effects. Therefore, a shift has occurred in clinical practice toward combination therapy. However, conventional therapy encounters several hindrances, including low selectivity to arthritic joints, short half-lives, varying pharmacokinetics among coupled drugs. Emerging nanotechnology offers incomparable opportunity for developing advanced against RA. First, it allows co-delivering multiple drugs augmented physicochemical properties, targeted delivery capabilities, controlled release profiles. Second, enables therapeutic nanomaterials development, thereby expanding regimens include multifunctional nanomedicines. Lastly, facilitates the construction of all-in-one nanoplatforms assembled modalities, such as phototherapy, sonodynamic therapy, imaging. Thus, promising solution current bottleneck both RA treatment diagnosis. This review summarizes rationale, advantages, recent advances nano-empowered It also discusses safety considerations, drug–drug interactions, potential translation. Additionally, provides design tips outlook on future developments The objective this achieve comprehensive understanding mechanisms underlying unlock maximum nanotechnology, facilitating smooth transition research findings from laboratory practice.

Language: Английский

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Nature-inspired miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers

Applied Physics Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: April 24, 2024

State-of-the-art biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and laparoscopic surgery are extremely challenging because of the small length scales, requirements wireless manipulation, operational accuracy, precise localization. In this regard, miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers (MSRS) attractive candidates since they offer a contactless mode operation for path maneuvering. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed these small-scale intelligent machines to demonstrate enhanced swimming performance through viscous fluidic media using different modes propulsion. review paper, we identify classify nature-inspired basic that been optimized over large evolutionary timescales. For example, ciliary like Paramecium Coleps covered with tiny hairlike filaments (cilia) beat rhythmically coordinated wave movements propulsion gather food. Undulatory spermatozoa midge larvae use traveling body waves push surrounding fluid effective highly environments. Helical bacteria rotate their slender whiskers (flagella) locomotion stagnant viscid fluids. Essentially, all three employ nonreciprocal motion achieve spatial asymmetry. We provide mechanistic understanding magnetic-field-induced spatiotemporal symmetry-breaking principles adopted MSRS at scales. Furthermore, theoretical computational tools can precisely predict magnetically driven deformation fluid–structure interaction discussed. Here, present holistic descriptive recent developments in smart material systems covering wide spectrum fabrication techniques, design, applications, strategies, actuation, modeling approaches. Finally, future prospects promising systems. Specifically, synchronous tracking noninvasive imaging external agents during vivo clinical still remains daunting task. experimental demonstrations mostly limited vitro ex phantom models where dynamics testing conditions quite compared conditions. Additionally, multi-shape morphing multi-stimuli-responsive modalities active structures demand further advancements 4D printing avenues. Their multi-state configuration an solid-fluid continuum would require development multi-scale models. Eventually, adding multiple levels intelligence enhance adaptivity, functionalities, reliability critical applications.

Language: Английский

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Acoustic Actuators for the Manipulation of Micro/Nanorobots: State-of-the-Art and Future Outlooks

Micromachines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 186 - 186

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Compared to other actuating methods, acoustic actuators offer the distinctive capability of contactless manipulation small objects, such as microscale and nanoscale robots. Furthermore, they have ability penetrate skin, allowing for trapping micro/nanorobots that carry therapeutic agents in diverse media. In this review, we summarize current progress using used various biomedical applications. First, introduce method waves manipulate including principle operation different types are usually employed. Then, applications involving manipulating devices reviewed, bubble-based microrobots, bubble-free robots, biohybrid nanorobots. Finally, discuss challenges future perspectives development field.

Language: Английский

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Micro robot as the feature of robotic in healthcare approach from design to application: the State of art and challenges

EAI Endorsed Transactions on AI and Robotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: April 12, 2024

Micro robots, miniature robotic devices typically ranging from micrometers to a few millimeters in size, hold immense potential various fields, particularly healthcare. Their diminutive stature enables access intricate anatomical regions previously unreachable, facilitating targeted drug delivery, localized treatment, and precise monitoring. These robots offer numerous advantages, including enhanced maneuverability, reduced invasiveness, minimized tissue damage. By navigating through complex biological environments, micro can deliver therapies with unprecedented precision, improving treatment efficacy patient outcomes. Additionally, their small size allows for minimally invasive procedures, reducing recovery times enhancing comfort. Overall, represent groundbreaking technological advancement the revolutionize healthcare delivery significantly benefit human well-being.Their Despite challenges like constraints navigation complexities, innovative solutions interdisciplinary collaboration are driving

Language: Английский

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Light-Driven Microrobots for Targeted Drug Delivery

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 5562 - 5594

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

As a new micromanipulation tool with the advantages of small size, flexible movement and easy manipulation, light-driven microrobots have wide range prospects in biomedical fields such as drug targeting cell manipulation. Recently, been controlled various ways, light field has become research hotspot by its noncontact precise localization, fast response, biocompatibility. It utilizes force or deformation generated to precisely control microrobot, combines release technology realize targeted application. Therefore, this paper provides an overview provide ideas for manipulation microrobots. Here, briefly categorizes driving mechanisms materials microrobots, which mainly include photothermal, photochemical, biological. Then, typical designs different strategies multiple physical are summarized. Finally, applications bioimaging presented well future demonstrated.

Language: Английский

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Connecting Droplet Adhesion with Sperm Kinematics: A New Paradigm in Sperm Quality Monitoring

Advanced Materials Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Abstract Conventional microscopy‐driven sperm health monitoring systems suffer from high infrastructural costs and complex protocols. Here, a simple, economical motility assessment system is proposed. Based on cantilever‐deflection‐based direct force measurement capable of detecting wetting forces in the range ≈µN, it found that adhesion live motile cell‐laden droplets dependent suspension. Further, observed inside droplet decreases with time, concerned master substrate demonstrates an increasing trend. Contrary to immotile cell, sperm, due its inherent nature swimming parallel contact line, induces lower restrictive receding triple line droplet. The study establishes potential avenue by which cell can be predicted via measuring sperm‐cell‐laden standard surface using simple automatable cantilever‐deflection method. These findings pave pathway toward developing user‐friendly, expertise‐independent diagnostic platform for in‐house monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Nanotherapies Based on ROS Regulation in Oral Diseases

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Oral diseases rank among the most prevalent clinical conditions globally, typically involving detrimental factors such as infection, inflammation, and injury in their occurrence, development, outcomes. The concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells has been demonstrated a pivotal player modulating these intricate pathological processes, exerting significant roles restoring oral functionality maintaining tissue structural integrity. Due to enzyme‐like catalytic properties, unique composition, intelligent design, ROS‐based nanomaterials have garnered considerable attention nanomedicine. Such capacity influence spatiotemporal dynamics ROS biological systems, guiding evolution intra‐ROS facilitate therapeutic interventions. This paper reviews latest advancements functional customization, medical applications nanomaterials. Through analysis components designs various novel nanozymes nanoplatforms responsive different stimuli dimensions, it elaborates on impacts dynamic behavior potential regulatory mechanisms body. Furthermore, discusses prospects strategies nanotherapies based scavenging generation diseases, offering alternative insights for design development treating ROS‐related conditions.

Language: Английский

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Micro- and Nanomotors: Engineered Tools for Targeted and Efficient Biomedicine

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Over the past two decades, nanotechnology has made significant progress toward development and applications of micromotors (MMs) nanomotors (NMs). Characterized by their capability to self-propel swim in fluids, they have emerged as promising tools various fields, particularly biomedicine. This Review presents an overview current state MMs NMs, motion viscous media complex environments, interaction with biological barriers, potential therapeutical applications. We identify choice appropriate administration routes reach target location a key aspect success NMs biomedical Looking ahead, we envision playing role treating diverse medical disorders, recent proof-of-concept vivo studies demonstrate distinct capabilities versatility. However, addressing regulatory, scalability, biocompatibility, safety concerns remains imperative for successful translation into clinical trials industrial-scale production. work provides guideline researchers, guiding them through landscape, challenges, prospects using biomedicine, thereby encouraging responsible positioning future nanomedicine. Furthermore, outline critical areas further research, including on safety, methods overcome physical obstacles.

Language: Английский

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Single-cell technology for cell-based drug delivery and pharmaceutical research

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 381, P. 113587 - 113587

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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