High‐Strength Conductive Hydrogel Fiber Prepared Via Microfluidic Technology for Functionalized Strain Sensing

Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2025

The rapid advancement of wearable flexible electronics has heightened the demand for hydrogel materials that combine mechanical robustness with electrical conductivity. Herein, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers-Graphene nanosheets/poly(vinyl alcohol)-sodium alginate-tannic acid (TOCN-GN/PVA-SA-TA, TGG) composite fibers are prepared by microfluidic spinning technology to solve bottleneck problems poor dispersion GN and imbalance mechanical-conductive properties traditional hydrogels. TOCN, acting as a biotemplate, effectively inhibits agglomeration via hydrogen bonding interlocking, thereby enhancing facilitating formation 3D conductive networks within fibers. optimized TGG achieved tensile strength 0.96 MPa, 150% elongation at break, conductivity 2.66 S m-1, while exhibiting enhanced energy dissipation fatigue resistance. As strain sensors, demonstrated high sensitivity (gauge factor is 1.81 40-100% strain) response (≈0.3 s), enabling precise monitoring joint movements, facial micro-expressions, swallowing actions. Furthermore, PDMS-encapsulated textile sensors enabled encrypted Morse code transmission, demonstrating innovative potential next-generation in health human-machine interfaces.

Language: Английский

Recent Advances in Stimuli‐Responsive Conductive Hydrogels for Smart Sensing and Actuation: Properties, Design Strategies, and Applications

Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2025

Abstract Conductive hydrogels are a class of multifunctional composites constructed by introducing conductive components into three‐dimensional polymer network, combining the high water‐content, stretchability, and biocompatibility traditional hydrogels. In recent years, researchers have developed stimuli‐responsive (SRCHs) through molecular functionalization design, which can respond to external stimuli such as mechanical stress, temperature, pH, light, electric field, etc., realize electrical signal output or behavior modulation, so satisfy requirements smart devices for dynamic sensing active response materials. Thanks synergistic effect environmental responsiveness conductivity, SRCHs show broad application prospect in actuation. However, due complexity environment, it is still difficult utilize materials construct sophisticated devices. This paper systematically reviews progress material design actuation applications past five focuses on their mechanisms performance optimization strategies, summarizes current challenges future development directions, with view providing theoretical references technological inspirations next‐generation

Language: Английский