A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles: From Classification to Application and Toxicity

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(15), P. 3482 - 3482

Published: July 25, 2024

Nanoparticles are structures that possess unique properties with high surface area-to-volume ratio. Their small size, up to 100 nm, and potential for modifications have enabled their use in a wide range of applications. Various factors influence the applications NPs, including synthesis method physical attributes such as size shape. Additionally, materials used NPs primary determinants application. Based on chosen material, generally classified into three categories: organic, inorganic, carbon-based. These categories include variety materials, proteins, polymers, metal ions, lipids derivatives, magnetic minerals, so on. Each material possesses activity application NPs. Consequently, certain typically particular areas because they higher efficiency along tenable toxicity. Therefore, classification base NP hold significant importance both research In this paper, we discuss these classifications, exemplify most major categorize them according preferred area This review provides an overall application,

Language: Английский

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An updated review and recent advancements in carbon-based bioactive coatings for dental implant applications

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 1, 2024

Surface coating of dental implants with a bioactive biomaterial is one the distinguished approaches to improve osseointegration potential, antibacterial properties, durability, and clinical success rate implants. Carbon-based coatings, unique class that possesses excellent mechanical high chemical thermal stability, osteoconductivity, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, have been utilized successfully for this purpose. This review aims present comprehensive overview structure, techniques, application various carbon-based coatings implant applications particular focus on nanomaterial (CNMs), which an advanced biomaterials. Available articles carbon were reviewed using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar resources. are non-cytotoxic, highly biocompatible, chemically inert, osteoconductive, allows bone cells come into close contact surface prevents bacterial attachment growth. Current research advancements now more focused as emerging advantage both nanotechnology aligns closely ideal material characteristics. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, its derivatives received most attention coating. Various techniques available materials, chosen according substrate type, requirements, desired thickness. Vapor deposition technique, plasma spraying, laser deposition, spraying commonly employed coat structures surface. Longer duration trials monitoring required ascertain role applications.

Language: Английский

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Highly adhesive self-reinforce hydrogel for the amelioration of intervertebral disc degeneration: Eliminating reactive oxygen species and regulating extracellular matrix

Composites Part B Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 111280 - 111280

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) plays a pivotal etiological role in low back pain, which is global cause of disability. Although the underlying pathological processes and mechanisms IVDD are complex, oxidative stress extracellular matrix degradation recognized as crucial determinants degeneration. The delicate equilibrium between reactive oxygen species antioxidants holds profound significance maintaining normal cellular functions, while maintains intervertebral stability. This study developed bioadhesive with mechanical properties similar to those nucleus pulposus, an injectable hydrogel. Unlike other antioxidative drug carrier materials, this hydrogel achieved removal through material loaded transforming growth factor-beta 3 gradually released regulate matrix. Cellular experiments demonstrated ability scavenge radicals, stimulate pulposus cell migration, collagen secretion. Moreover, radiographic histological analyses needle-induced rat-tail model confirmed potential restore height, maintain hydration, preserve tissue structure, promote These findings have promising implications for efficacy hydrogels ameliorating IVDD.

Language: Английский

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Fullerene C60 Conjugate with Folic Acid and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Targeted Delivery to Tumor Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 5350 - 5350

Published: May 14, 2024

The use of targeted drug delivery systems, including those based on selective absorption by certain receptors the surface target cell, can lead to a decrease in minimum effective dose and accompanying toxicity drug, as well an increase therapeutic efficacy. A fullerene C60 conjugate (FA-PVP-C60) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) biocompatible spacer folic acid (FA) targeting ligand for tumor cells increased expression folate (FR) was obtained. Using 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrometry, fluorometry thermal analysis, formation confirmed nature binding its components established. average particle sizes aqueous solutions cell culture medium were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). FA-PVP-C60 showed antiradical activity against •DPPH, •OH O2•−, but at same time, it shown generate 1O2. It found that studied concentration range (up 200 μg/mL) is non-toxic vitro does not affect cycle. To confirm ability selectively accumulate through folate-mediated endocytosis, uptake into analyzed flow cytometry confocal microscopy. less absorbed A549 low FR than HeLa, which has high level this receptor.

Language: Английский

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Enhancement of photoinduced reactive oxygen species generation in open-cage fullerenes

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Photodynamic therapy can advance with open-cage C 60 fullerenes for ROS generation. Enhanced efficiency arises from improved intersystem crossing and favorable electrochemical properties, outperforming pristine its derivatives.

Language: Английский

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Cocktail Strategy-Based Nanomedicine: A Synergistic Cascade of Starvation, NIR-II Photothermal, and Gas Therapy for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy

Acta Biomaterialia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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