Breaking barriers: Smart vaccine platforms for cancer immunomodulation

Cancer Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract Despite significant advancements in cancer treatment, current therapies often fail to completely eradicate malignant cells. This shortfall underscores the urgent need explore alternative approaches such as vaccines. Leveraging immune system's natural ability target and kill cells holds great therapeutic potential. However, development of vaccines is hindered by several challenges, including low stability, inadequate response activation, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which limit their efficacy. Recent progress various fields, click chemistry, nanotechnology, exosome engineering, neoantigen design, offer innovative solutions these challenges. These achievements have led emergence smart vaccine platforms (SVPs), integrate protective carriers for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) with functionalization strategies optimize targeted delivery. Click chemistry further enhances SVP performance improving encapsulation mRNA antigens facilitating precise delivery review highlights latest developments technologies therapy, exploring both opportunities challenges advancing transformative approaches.

Language: Английский

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Guanidyl-rich highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s for the delivery of dual CRISPR ribonucleoprotein for efficient large DNA fragment deletion

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 379, P. 549 - 557

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Engineering Folic Acid‐Modified Nanoparticles to Enhance Letrozole's Anticancer Action

Macromolecular Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

Abstract The development of biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering anticancer drugs, such as letrozole (LTZ), offers a targeted approach cancer therapy. In this study, we synthesized poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐ co ‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL‐ ‐PEG) and fabricated LTZ‐loaded PCL‐ ‐PEG NPs (LTZ‐NPs) via emulsion‐solvent evaporation. Folic acid (FA), folate receptor‐targeting molecule, was conjugated to the (LTZ‐FNPs) enhance treatment efficacy against hormone receptor‐positive breast cells. Both FNPs exhibited spherical morphology (60–90 nm), with showing higher drug entrapment efficiency controlled release. LTZ release minimal at physiological pH but increased in acidic, cancer‐like environments, following Korsmeyer‐Peppas model, indicating combination Fickian non‐Fickian diffusion. cytotoxicity assays, LTZ‐FNPs toxicity MCF‐7 cells than LTZ‐NPs. Controlled altered gene expression, reducing B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl2) increasing caspase 8 (Casp8), promoting apoptosis. A shift SubG1 phase further confirmed enhanced LTZ‐FNP‐mediated cell death. Furthermore, p53 expression increased, while matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) decreased, inhibiting invasion. This study introduces system FA‐functionalized, pH‐sensitive delivery LTZ. holds great potential selective, efficient minimizing systemic

Language: Английский

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Nanogene editing drug delivery systems in the treatment of liver fibrosis

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Liver fibrosis is a group of diseases that seriously affect the health world’s population. Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms liver fibrogenesis, technologies and drugs used to treat have limited efficacy. As revolutionary genetic tool, gene editing technology brings new hope for treating fibrosis. Combining nano-delivery systems with tools achieve precise delivery efficient expression can be has become rapidly developing field. This review provides comprehensive overview principles methods commonly targets We also discuss recent advances common vehicles formulations research. Although potential advantages fibrosis, it still faces some challenges regarding efficiency, specificity, safety. Future studies need address these issues further explore application

Language: Английский

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Advances in CRISPR-Cas technology and its applications: revolutionising precision medicine

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) has undergone marked advancements since its discovery as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea, emerged a potent gene-editing tool after the successful engineering of synthetic guide RNA (sgRNA) toward targeting specific DNA sequences with high accuracy. Besides editing ability, further-developed Cas variants can also edit epigenome, rendering versatile for genome epigenome manipulation pioneering force precision medicine. This review explores latest technology therapeutic biomedical applications, highlighting transformative impact on Moreover, current status CRISPR therapeutics clinical trials is discussed. Finally, we address persisting challenges prospects technology.

Language: Английский

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