Hydrogel-Based Biointerfaces: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in Human–Machine Integration

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 232 - 232

Published: March 23, 2025

Human–machine interfacing (HMI) has emerged as a critical technology in healthcare, robotics, and wearable electronics, with hydrogels offering unique advantages multifunctional materials that seamlessly connect biological systems electronic devices. This review provides detailed examination of recent advancements hydrogel design, focusing on their properties potential applications HMI. We explore the key characteristics such biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, responsiveness, which are essential for effective long-term integration tissues. Additionally, we highlight innovations conductive hydrogels, hybrid composite materials, fabrication techniques 3D/4D printing, allow customization to meet demands specific HMI applications. Further, discuss diverse classes polymers contribute conductivity, including conducting, natural, synthetic, polymers, emphasizing role enhancing electrical performance adaptability. In addition material examine regulatory landscape governing hydrogel-based biointerfaces applications, addressing considerations clinical translation commercialization. An analysis patent insights into emerging trends shaping future technologies human–machine interactions. The also covers range neural interfaces, soft haptic systems, where play transformative Thereafter, addresses challenges face issues related stability, scalability, while perspectives continued evolution technologies.

Language: Английский

Advances in Soft Mechanocaloric Materials

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Abstract The development of soft mechanocaloric materials is becoming increasingly important due to the growing demand for energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly thermoregulation solutions. Here effects in materials, which can convert mechanical energy into heat energy, discussed, their applications sensing, therapeutics, explored. It begins by introducing principles effect recent advances its study within materials’ systems. Then personalized healthcare sustainable Finally, importance identifying with high coefficients low manufacturing costs emphasized broaden applicability. Additionally, a comprehensive perspective on provided both heating cooling applications, emphasizing transformative potential various fields.

Language: Английский