A Humboldtian Approach to Mountain Conservation and Freshwater Ecosystem Services

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Dec. 20, 2019

Complex environmental issues require solutions that cannot be achieved without integrating scientific disciplines and communicating science to people, decision-makers stakeholders. Nevertheless, although Alexander von Humboldt gifted us with an approach integrate knowledge across aiming broadly understand issues, our current practice largely ignores holistic approach. Here, we develop a conceptual framework for sustaining mountain integrity securing their ecosystem services based on cross-disciplinary ideas. We used headwater systems located in tropical old mountains as example of meta-ecosystem because they are home disproportional high levels algae, invertebrate microorganism species diversity endemism well water availability quality nearly half mankind. also argue the interplay between academia other sectors society should facilitate permeability into policy- decision-makers, which is pivotal issue improving natural resources management. prioritization montane feasible, desirable strategic included global sustainability agenda. Failure implement sustainable development goals likely result catastrophic events harsh consequences both humans biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Influence of the choice of stream temperature model on the projections of water temperature in rivers

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 601, P. 126629 - 126629

Published: July 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Whole genome resequencing identifies local adaptation associated with environmental variation for redband trout

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 800 - 818

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Abstract Aquatic ectotherms are predicted to harbour genomic signals of local adaptation resulting from selective pressures driven by the strong influence climate conditions on body temperature. We investigated in redband trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri ) using genome scans for 547 samples 11 populations across a wide range habitats and thermal gradients interior Columbia River. estimated allele frequencies millions single nucleotide polymorphism loci (SNPs) low‐coverage whole resequencing, used population structure outlier analyses identify regions under divergent selection between populations. Twelve showed signatures adaptation, including two associated with genes known migration developmental timing salmonids GREB1L , ROCK1 SIX6 ). Genotype–environment association indicated that diurnal temperature variation was driver primarily divergence northern extreme subspecies range. also found evidence adaptive differences high‐elevation desert vs. montane at smaller geographical scale. Finally, we vulnerability future change ecological niche modelling genetic offset scenarios. These substantial habitat loss shifts necessary habitats, greatest Our results provide new insight into complexity salmonids, important predictions regarding responses change.

Language: Английский

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North America

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1929 - 2042

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Elevation-dependent warming of streams in mountainous regions: implications for temperature modeling and headwater climate refugia

Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(2), P. 167 - 188

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Climate change is warming stream temperatures with significant implications for species that require cold to persist. These often rely on headwater habitats in mountainous regions where elevation gradients hydroclimatic conditions may induce differential patterns of long-term affect the resistance refugia. Forecasts from mechanistic and statistical temperature models diverge regarding whether this dependence will cause above- or below-average headwaters during warm summer periods, so we examined monitoring records (n = 271), air 690), discharge 131) across broad a region western North America better understand potential future trends. Over 40-year period characterized by rapid climate 1976–2015, stations exhibited rates at high elevations while declined above average rates. Between climatically extreme years involved increases >5 °C declines >70%, high-elevation streams below but otherwise showed negligible intermediate years. In subsequent example, it was demonstrated dependent has minor effect amount thermal habitat loss relative water increase within mountain river network. We conclude predictions effects organisms be overly pessimistic discuss reasons why different types make divergent forecasts. Several research areas warrant greater attention, including descriptions elevation-dependent other comparative purposes, examination how sensitivity forcing evolving, use new data sources represent key processes areas, development hybrid integrate best attributes approaches.

Language: Английский

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Thermal Regimes of Perennial Rivers and Streams in the Western United States

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 842 - 867

Published: June 25, 2020

Abstract Thermal regimes of rivers and streams profoundly affect aquatic ecosystems, but are poorly described classified in many areas due to the limited availability annual datasets from extensive representative monitoring networks. By mining a new temperature database composed >23,000 site records that spans western United States (U.S.), we extract at 578 sites on perennial describe this diverse region. Records were summarized using 34 metrics regime aspects related magnitude, variation, frequency, duration, timing. The used multivariate cluster analysis classify into seven distinct types principal components (PCA) examine patterns redundancy among metrics. PCA indicated 2–5 orthogonal PC axes accounted for 74%–89% variation thermal sites. Most scores defined two dominant was turn predictable suite geospatial covariates multiple linear regressions included elevation, latitude, riparian canopy density, reach slope, precipitation, lake prevalence, dam height. Our results have parallels previous flow analyses utility small numbers PCs or allied characterization, can be better understand parsimoniously represent U.S.

Language: Английский

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Quantifying thermal exposure for migratory riverine species: Phenology of Chinook salmon populations predicts thermal stress

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 536 - 549

Published: Nov. 20, 2020

Abstract Migratory species are particularly vulnerable to climate change because habitat throughout their entire migration cycle must be suitable for the persist. For migratory in rivers, predicting impacts is especially difficult there a lack of spatially continuous and seasonally varying stream temperature data, conditions can vary an individual its life cycle, vulnerability by stage season. To predict thermal on riverine populations, we first expanded spatial network model mean monthly 465,775 river km western U.S., then applied simple yet plausible future scenarios. We joined predictions 44,396 observations life‐stage‐specific phenology (timing) 26 ecotypes (i.e., geographically distinct population groups expressing one four seasonal patterns) Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), phenotypically diverse anadromous salmonid that ecologically economically important but declining range. Thermal stress, assessed each ecotype based federal criteria, was influenced timing rather than latitude, elevation, or distance such sympatric often showed differential exposure. Early‐migration phenotypes were due prolonged residency inland streams during summer. evaluated suitability 31,699 which currently blocked dams explore reintroduction above as option mitigate negative effects our warmer Our results warming offset almost all if formerly occupied made available. approach combining distribution data with explicit temporally enables researchers examine exposure migrating populations use habitats.

Language: Английский

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Landscape resistance mediates native fish species distribution shifts and vulnerability to climate change in riverscapes

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 5492 - 5508

Published: July 17, 2020

Abstract A broader understanding of how landscape resistance influences climate change vulnerability for many species is needed, as an barriers to dispersal may impact vulnerability. Freshwater biodiversity at particular risk, but previous studies have focused on popular cold‐water fishes (e.g., salmon, trout, and char) with relatively large body sizes mobility. Those be able track habitat more adeptly than less mobile species. Smaller, are rarely represented in demonstrating effects change, depending their thermal tolerance, they particularly vulnerable environmental change. By revisiting 280 sites over a 20 year interval throughout warming riverscape, we described changes occupancy (i.e., site extirpation colonization probabilities) assessed the conditions associated those four spanning range sizes, preferences. Two larger‐bodied trout exhibited small occupancy, bull experiencing 9.2% (95% CI = 8.3%–10.1%) reduction, mostly warmer stream reaches, westslope cutthroat nonsignificant 1% increase. The small‐bodied cool water slimy sculpin was originally distributed broadly network experienced 48.0% 42.0%–54.0%) reduction declines common reaches areas subject wildfire disturbances. comparatively longnose dace primarily occupied larger streams increased its occurrence lower portions connected tributaries during study period. Distribution shifts were significantly constrained by barriers, which included anthropogenic diversions, natural step‐pools cascades steeper upstream reaches. Our results suggest that aquatic communities exhibit responses improving passage fluvial connectivity will important adaptation tactics conserving biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change Effects on North American Fish and Fisheries to Inform Adaptation Strategies

Fisheries, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(9), P. 449 - 464

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Abstract Climate change is a global persistent threat to fish and habitats throughout North America. Climate-induced modification of environmental regimes, including changes in streamflow, water temperature, salinity, storm surges, habitat connectivity can physiology, disrupt spawning cues, cause extinctions invasions, alter community structure. Reducing greenhouse emissions remains the primary mechanism slow pace climate change, but local regional management agencies stakeholders have developed an arsenal adaptation strategies help partially mitigate effects on fish. We summarize common stressors posed by America, (1) increased (2) precipitation, (3) sea level rise, (4) ocean acidification, present potential that fishery professionals may apply vulnerable fisheries cope with changing climate. Although our are primarily from they broader geographic applicability aquatic biota other jurisdictions. These provide opportunities for managers while needed policies reduce gas emerge, which offer more lasting solutions.

Language: Английский

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Riparian vegetation shade restoration and loss effects on recent and future stream temperatures

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(7)

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

River temperatures are expected to increase this century harming species requiring cold-water habitat unless restoration activities protect or improve availability. Local shading by riparian vegetation can cool water temperatures, but uncertainty exists over the scaling of local effect larger spatial extents. We evaluate issue using a regional stream network temperature model with covariates representing shade effects predict mean August across 78,195 km tributaries flowing into Columbia in northwestern US. nine scenarios predicting for three conditions (current, restored, and no vegetation) within different climate periods (2000s, 2040s, 2080s). Results suggest (2000s climate) could decrease 0.62°C study network. Under same restored conditions, predictions at their confluence range from 0.02-2.08°C cooler than under current conditions. The warming predicted 2040s 2080s, however, is greater cooling restoring shade. Streams less 10m bankfull width cooled more frequently restoration. In Oregon, proportion fish salmon trout rearing migration that meet numeric quality criteria be increased 20% although net declines may still occur future. conclude partially mitigate future help maintain habitats function as thermal refuges if implemented strategically.

Language: Английский

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